A 0.4-4 THz p-i-n Diode Frequency Multiplier in 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS

A 0.4-4 THz p-i-n Diode Frequency Multiplier in 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS
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采用 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS 的 0.4-4 THz p-i-n 二极管倍频器

DOI:
10.1109/jssc.2023.3289129
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Babakhani, Aydin
Babakhani, Aydin
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Thomas, Sidharth;Razavian, Sam;Sun, Wei;Motlagh, Benyamin Fallahi;Kim, Anthony D.;Wu, Yu;Williams, Benjamin S.;Babakhani, Aydin

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本文介绍了一种硅基光源,可以将太赫兹 (THz) 频谱低端的功率辐射到远红外区域。散热器由驱动 PIN 二极管倍增器的毫米波 (mm-wave) 振荡器组成。 p-i-n 二极管在强驱动时表现出反向恢复,并且二极管在短时间内切换大量电流。该过程是高度非线性的,并生成富含谐波的波形,此处利用该波形来生成更高的谐波。片上折叠偶极子天线用于辐射生成的太赫兹信号。这里分析并介绍了折叠偶极子的谐波辐射特性。这项工作还演示了无线谐波注入锁定,以便将芯片与外部源同步。该芯片采用 GlobalFoundries 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS 工艺设计,有效各向同性辐射功率 (EIRP) 为 13 dBm,0.39 THz 时的辐射功率为 -14.2 dBm。该芯片采用 Virginia Diodes (VDI) 混频器,频率高达 0.8 THz,在 0.78 THz 下测得的 EIRP 为 -3.8 dBm。为了测量更高频率的辐射音,傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱与室温氘代三甘氨酸硫酸盐 (DTGS) 检测器结合使用。测量结果证实存在从太赫兹区域延伸到远红外区域的音调,在 1.17、2.21、3.25 和 4.03 太赫兹时的 SNR 分别为 18.4、14、9.3 和 6.7 dB。这项工作是首次展示能够在远红外频率下产生可检测音调的硅源。
This article introduces a silicon-based source that can radiate power from the lower end of the terahertz (THz) spectrum into the far-infrared region. The radiator consists of a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) oscillator that drives a PIN diode multiplier. The p-i-n diodes exhibit reverse recovery when driven strongly, and the diode switches a large amount of current in a short interval. This process is highly non-linear and generates a harmonic-rich waveform, which is utilized here for higher harmonic generation. An on-chip folded dipole antenna is used to radiate the generated THz signal. The harmonic radiation properties of the folded dipole are analyzed and presented here. Wireless harmonic injection locking is also demonstrated in this work in order to synchronize the chip to an external source. Designed in GlobalFoundries 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS process, the chip has an effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 13 dBm and −14.2-dBm radiated power at 0.39 THz. The chip is characterized up to 0.8 THz using Virginia Diodes (VDI) mixers, and an EIRP of −3.8 dBm is measured at 0.78 THz. In order to measure the radiated tones at higher frequencies, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used with a room-temperature deuterated triglycine sulfate (DTGS) detector. Measurement results confirm the presence of tones extending from the THz region into the far-infrared region, with an SNR of 18.4, 14, 9.3, and 6.7 dB at 1.17, 2.21, 3.25, and 4.03 THz, respectively. This work is the first demonstration of a silicon source capable of generating detectable tones at far-infrared frequencies.
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