Effects of neuromodulation on cognitive and emotional responses to psychosocial stressors in healthy humans.
Effects of neuromodulation on cognitive and emotional responses to psychosocial stressors in healthy humans.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100515
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Greenwald, Mark K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moses, Tabitha E. H.;Gray, Elizabeth;Mischel, Nicholas;Greenwald, Mark K.
生理和心理应激源可以对人类大脑和行为产生广泛的影响。研究增进了对交感-肾上腺-髓质（SAM）和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质（HPA）轴如何对应激源作出反应以及根据应激源类型发生的不同反应的理解。虽然SAM和HPA反应的生理功能是促进生存和安全，但过度的心理生物学反应可能发生在精神疾病中。对于某些类型的压力源，特别是心理社会压力源，可能会发生更夸张的反应。了解压力的影响和身体如何调节这些反应可以提供洞察的方式，心理生物反应可以调制。非侵入性神经调节是一种可以改变对压力源的反应的方式;对这些干预措施的研究可能会对调节压力反应的大脑回路提供进一步的见解。这篇综述着重于急性心理社会应激源的影响，以及神经调节如何有效地改变应激反应。虽然相当多的研究压力干预措施的重点是治疗病理，这是必要的，首先了解这些机制在非临床人群，因此，本次审查将强调人口没有已知的病理，并考虑这些结果可能会转化为那些与精神病的病理。
Physiological and psychological stressors can exert wide-ranging effects on the human brain and behavior. Research has improved understanding of how the sympatho-adreno-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axes respond to stressors and the differential responses that occur depending on stressor type. Although the physiological function of SAM and HPA responses is to promote survival and safety, exaggerated psychobiological reactivity can occur in psychiatric disorders. Exaggerated reactivity may occur more for certain types of stressors, specifically, psychosocial stressors. Understanding stressor effects and how the body regulates these responses can provide insight into ways that psychobiological reactivity can be modulated. Non-invasive neuromodulation is one way that responding to stressors may be altered; research into these interventions may provide further insights into the brain circuits that modulate stress reactivity. This review focuses on the effects of acute psychosocial stressors and how neuromodulation might be effective in altering stress reactivity. Although considerable research into stress interventions focuses on treating pathology, it is imperative to first understand these mechanisms in non-clinical populations; therefore, this review will emphasize populations with no known pathology and consider how these results may translate to those with psychiatric pathologies.
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