Dissecting impulsivity and its relationships to drug addictions.
Dissecting impulsivity and its relationships to drug addictions.
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DOI：
10.1111/nyas.12388
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发表时间：
2014-10
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Pennington ZT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jentsch JD;Ashenhurst JR;Cervantes MC;Groman SM;James AS;Pennington ZT
成瘾通常被描述为冲动行为的形式。也就是说，人们经常注意到冲动是一个多维度的结构，跨越几个心理领域。本文综述了各种冲动性和成瘾相关行为之间的关系，两者之间的因果关系的性质和潜在的神经生物学机制，促进冲动行为。我们的结论是，现有的数据强烈支持的概念，冲动既是一个危险因素，和后果，药物和酒精消费。虽然有证据表明冲动行为的亚型具有独特的信息性-无论是生物学上的还是关于它们与成瘾的关系-是令人信服的，但多条研究将冲动性的“不同”亚型与低多巴胺D2受体功能和干扰的多巴胺能传递联系起来，揭示了亚型之间的共同机制。因此，一个共同的生物框架，涉及单胺能递质的关键额纹状体电路可能链接多种形式的冲动药物自我管理和成瘾相关的行为。在下一阶段的基因和基因组发现能够揭示以冲动为指标的成瘾脆弱性的生物学来源之前，需要进一步解剖这些关系。
Addictions are often characterized as forms of impulsive behavior. That said, it is often noted that impulsivity is a multidimensional construct, spanning several psychological domains. This review describes the relationship between varieties of impulsivity and addiction-related behaviors, the nature of the causal relationship between the two and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that promote impulsive behaviors. We conclude that the available data strongly supports the notion that impulsivity is both a risk factor for, and a consequence of, drug and alcohol consumption. While the evidence indicating that subtypes of impulsive behavior are uniquely informative – either biologically or with respect to their relationships to addictions – is convincing, multiple lines of study link “distinct” subtypes of impulsivity to low dopamine D2 receptor function and perturbed serotonergic transmission, revealing shared mechanisms between the subtypes. Therefore, a common biological framework involving monoaminergic transmitters in key frontostriatal circuits may link multiple forms of impulsivity to drug self-administration and addiction-related behaviors. Further dissection of these relationships is needed before the next phase of genetic and genomic discovery will be able to reveal the biological sources of the vulnerability for addiction indexed by impulsivity.
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DOI：
10.1124/jpet.108.143370
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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