Faces are special but not too special: spared face recognition in amnesia is based on familiarity.
Faces are special but not too special: spared face recognition in amnesia is based on familiarity.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.09.005
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发表时间：
2010-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Yonelinas AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aly M;Knight RT;Yonelinas AP
目前大多数人类记忆理论都是物质通用的，因为它们假设内侧颞叶（MTL）对于检索先前事件的细节很重要，而不管材料的具体类型如何。最近的失忆症研究对物质普遍假设提出了挑战，认为 MTL 可能对于记住单词是必要的，但不涉及记住面孔。我们检查了一组健忘症患者的面孔和单词的识别记忆，其中包括缺氧患者和左或右 MTL 广泛病变的患者。识别置信度判断用于绘制接收者操作特征（ROC），以便更全面地量化识别性能并估计回忆和熟悉度的贡献。与现有文献一致，对整体识别准确性的分析表明，患者的单词记忆能力受损，但面部记忆能力没有受到影响。然而，ROC 分析表明，患者对面孔和单词的高置信度识别反应普遍受到损害，并且他们对两种类型的材料都表现出显着的记忆障碍。所有患者都保留了对面孔的熟悉度，但左侧 MTL 的广泛损伤损害了对单词的熟悉度。这些结果表明，面部识别可能似乎幸免于难，因为表现往往严重依赖于熟悉程度，而这一过程在失忆症中保存得相对较好。这些发现挑战了记忆的材料一般理论，并表明材料和过程都是健忘症记忆表现的重要决定因素，不同类型的材料可能或多或少取决于回忆和熟悉程度。
Most current theories of human memory are material-general in the sense that they assume that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is important for retrieving the details of prior events, regardless of the specific type of materials. Recent studies of amnesia have challenged the material-general assumption by suggesting that the MTL may be necessary for remembering words, but is not involved in remembering faces. We examined recognition memory for faces and words in a group of amnesic patients, which included hypoxic patients and patients with extensive left or right MTL lesions. Recognition confidence judgments were used to plot receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) in order to more fully quantify recognition performance and to estimate the contributions of recollection and familiarity. Consistent with the extant literature, an analysis of overall recognition accuracy showed that the patients were impaired at word memory but had spared face memory. However, the ROC analysis indicated that the patients were generally impaired at high confidence recognition responses for faces and words, and they exhibited significant recollection impairments for both types of materials. Familiarity for faces was preserved in all patients, but extensive left MTL damage impaired familiarity for words. These results suggest that face recognition may appear to be spared because performance tends to rely heavily on familiarity, a process that is relatively well preserved in amnesia. The findings challenge material-general theories of memory, and suggest that both material and process are important determinants of memory performance in amnesia, and different types of materials may depend more or less on recollection and familiarity.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Damasio, Antonio R.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0705273104
发表时间：
2007-10-09
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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