Extracellular Vesicle Analysis by Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Extracellular Vesicle Analysis by Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.
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DOI:
10.3390/metabo11050308
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发表时间:
2021-05-11
期刊:
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Garrett TJ
Garrett TJ
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chamberlain CA;Hatch M;Garrett TJ

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纸喷雾电离质谱 (PSI-MS) 是一种直接 MS 分析技术,已报道了多种细菌代谢组学应用。与大多数基于 MS 的细菌研究一样,目前报道的所有 PSI-MS 细菌分析都集中在细胞单元的化学特征上。在此类分析中经常丢失的细菌代谢组的一个维度是外代谢组(细胞外代谢组),包括分泌的代谢物、脂质和肽。细菌外代谢组的一个关键组成部分是细胞外囊泡(EV),它在微生物学和生物医学界越来越受到关注。这些由生命各个领域的细胞产生的分泌结构包含负责多种细胞功能的多种生物分子,因此代表了细菌分泌代谢组的核心组成部分。尽管之前使用其他 MS 方法进行了检查,但目前还没有对细菌 EV 或任何其他生物体(外泌体、胞外体等)的 EV 进行 PSI-MS 分析的报告。与其他常用的 MS 平台相比,PSI-MS 具有独特的分析优势,因此可以为 EV 代谢组学提供有利的方法。为了解决这个问题,我们报告了一种新的应用程序,据我们所知,这是对任何生物体的 EV 的首次 PSI-MS 分析(使用人类肠道驻留的产酸草酸杆菌作为实验模型,这是一种以前从未研究过其 EV 的细菌)。在本报告中,我们展示了如何通过 EV 特异性亲和层析从细菌培养上清液中分离和纯化 EV,通过纳米颗粒跟踪分析确认和表征这些囊泡,通过 PSI-MS 分析 EV 分离物,并鉴定一组 EV 衍生的代谢物、脂质和肽。这项工作是基于 MS 的 EV 分析领域的开创性研究,为 EV 代谢组学提供了一种新的、快速、灵敏且经济的方法。
Paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) is a direct MS analysis technique with several reported bacterial metabolomics applications. As with most MS-based bacterial studies, all currently reported PSI-MS bacterial analyses have focused on the chemical signatures of the cellular unit. One dimension of the bacterial metabolome that is often lost in such analyses is the exometabolome (extracellular metabolome), including secreted metabolites, lipids, and peptides. A key component of the bacterial exometabolome that is gaining increased attention in the microbiology and biomedical communities is extracellular vesicles (EVs). These excreted structures, produced by cells in all domains of life, contain a variety of biomolecules responsible for a wide array of cellular functions, thus representing a core component of the bacterial secreted metabolome. Although previously examined using other MS approaches, no reports currently exist for a PSI-MS analysis of bacterial EVs, nor EVs from any other organism (exosomes, ectosomes, etc.). PSI-MS holds unique analytical strengths over other commonly used MS platforms and could thus provide an advantageous approach to EV metabolomics. To address this, we report a novel application representing, to our knowledge, the first PSI-MS analysis of EVs from any organism (using the human gut resident Oxalobacter formigenes as the experimental model, a bacterium whose EVs were never previously investigated). In this report, we show how we isolated and purified EVs from bacterial culture supernatant by EV-specific affinity chromatography, confirmed and characterized these vesicles by nanoparticle tracking analysis, analyzed the EV isolate by PSI-MS, and identified a panel of EV-derived metabolites, lipids, and peptides. This work serves as a pioneering study in the field of MS-based EV analysis and provides a new, rapid, sensitive, and economical approach to EV metabolomics.
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