Harnessing learning biases is essential for applying social learning in conservation
Harnessing learning biases is essential for applying social learning in conservation
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利用学习偏差对于将社会学习应用于保护至关重要
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
N. Clayton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Greggor;Alex Thornton;N. Clayton
社会学习可以影响动物对环境中人为变化的反应，决定动物是否能够抵御新的威胁并利用新的资源，或者产生适应不良的行为并导致人类与野生动物的冲突。因此，预测社会学习将在哪里发生并操纵其使用对于保护来说很重要，但这样做并不简单。学习是一个本质上有偏见的过程，它是由自然选择决定的，它可以优先考虑重要信息并促进其有效吸收。在这方面，社会学习与其他学习过程没有什么不同，因为它也是由感知过滤器、注意力偏差和学习限制所塑造的，这些限制在栖息地、物种、个体和环境之间可能有所不同。限制社会学习的偏见尚未得到充分理解，无法准确预测在许多情况下是否会发生社会学习，这限制了社会学习在保护实践中的有效利用。尽管如此，我们认为，通过利用引导信息社会传播的偏见，可以改善社会学习的保护应用。我们探索社会学习高度相关的保护区，并将它们与塑造社会信息使用的线索和背景中的偏见联系起来。由此产生的综合结果强调了各领域之间许多有前景的合作领域，并强调了对社会学习实践证据进行系统审查的重要性。
Social learning can influence how animals respond to anthropogenic changes in the environment, determining whether animals survive novel threats and exploit novel resources or produce maladaptive behaviour and contribute to human-wildlife conflict. Predicting where social learning will occur and manipulating its use are, therefore, important in conservation, but doing so is not straightforward. Learning is an inherently biased process that has been shaped by natural selection to prioritize important information and facilitate its efficient uptake. In this regard, social learning is no different from other learning processes because it too is shaped by perceptual filters, attentional biases and learning constraints that can differ between habitats, species, individuals and contexts. The biases that constrain social learning are not understood well enough to accurately predict whether or not social learning will occur in many situations, which limits the effective use of social learning in conservation practice. Nevertheless, we argue that by tapping into the biases that guide the social transmission of information, the conservation applications of social learning could be improved. We explore the conservation areas where social learning is highly relevant and link them to biases in the cues and contexts that shape social information use. The resulting synthesis highlights many promising areas for collaboration between the fields and stresses the importance of systematic reviews of the evidence surrounding social learning practices.
虎鲸的生态知识、领导力和更年期的演变
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Brent L
通讯作者：
Brent L
关于狨猴（Saguinus oedipus）难吃食物的社会交流。
DOI：
10.1037/0735-7036.117.2.142
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Snowdon,CharlesT;Boe,CarlaY
通讯作者：
Boe,CarlaY