Low temperature plasma as a means to transform nanoparticle atomic structure

Low temperature plasma as a means to transform nanoparticle atomic structure
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低温等离子体作为改变纳米粒子原子结构的手段

DOI:
10.1088/1361-6595/aad36e
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Thimsen, E
Thimsen, E
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Uner, N B;Thimsen, E

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低温等离子体(LTP)是一种高度不平衡的物质,能够增加流过它的质量的比自由能。尽管有这个吸引人的特点,但很少有将具有平衡原子结构的固体材料转变为具有非平衡原子结构的材料的例子。作为这种转变的一个例子,在这项工作中,认为利用LTP将结晶金属纳米颗粒转变为非晶金属纳米颗粒是可行的。为了进行可行性计算,我们进行了详细的表征,以确定典型的流过式、射频、电容耦合等离子体反应器中电子温度、离子密度和背景气体温度作为轴向位置的函数。测量结果显示,在通电电极附近存在一个离子密度和气体温度急剧升高的强区。高强度区,在低强度等离子体中,提供了一种改变纳米粒子原子结构的方法,同时保持单极负电荷以抑制凝血。理论认为,这样的高温区会给纳米粒子提供强烈的加热,并随后迅速冷却。铜锆(CuZr)合金的计算表明,纳米颗粒的温度历史主要取决于通电电极附近区域的强度和颗粒大小。如果考虑在强区熔化CuZr纳米粒子,然后在下游的低强度等离子体中快速冷却,则发现淬火速率很高,约为10 5k s−1。由于此量级的淬火速率足以阻止非晶态原子结构,LTP反应器可用于通过高度非平衡淬火过程将结晶金属纳米颗粒转化为非晶态金属纳米颗粒。
Low temperature plasma (LTP) is a highly nonequilibrium substance capable of increasing the specific free energy of mass that flows through it. Despite this attractive feature, there are few examples of the transformation of solid material with an equilibrium atomic structure into a material with a nonequilibrium atomic structure. As a proposed example of such a transformation, in this work, it is argued that the transformation of crystalline metal nanoparticles into amorphous metal nanoparticles is feasible using LTP. To inform the feasibility calculations, detailed characterization was performed to determine the electron temperature, ion density, and background gas temperature as a function of axial position in a typical flow-through, radiofrequency, capacitively-coupled plasma reactor. Measurements revealed the existence of an intense zone with sharply elevated ion density and gas temperature in the vicinity of the powered electrode. The high intensity zone, amidst an otherwise low-intensity plasma, provides a means by which to transform the atomic structure of nanoparticles while maintaining unipolar negative charge to suppress coagulation. Theory suggests that such an intense zone would provide intense heating of nanoparticles, and subsequent rapid cooling. Calculations for copper–zirconium (CuZr) alloy show that the temperature history of a nanoparticle depends primarily on the intensity of the zone in the vicinity of the powered electrode, and on particle size. If one considers melting CuZr nanoparticles in the intense zone and then rapidly cooling them in the low-intensity plasma downstream, then the quenching rates are found to be high, on the order of 10 5 K s− 1. Since quenching rates of this magnitude are sufficient to arrest an amorphous atomic structure, LTP reactors can be used to transform crystalline metal nanoparticles into amorphous metal nanoparticles via a highly nonequilibrium quenching process.
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发表时间: 2006
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