The evolution of human altriciality and brain development in comparative context.
The evolution of human altriciality and brain development in comparative context.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-023-02253-z
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发表时间：
2024-01
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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与其他灵长类动物相比，人类新生儿被认为是发育迟缓的，因为他们在出生时相对不发达。然而，在更广泛的比较背景下，其他哺乳动物比人类更进化。有人提出，由于产科或代谢的限制，后期发育在人类中是次要的，并与大脑可塑性的增加有关。为了探索这种关联，我们使用了来自140种胎盘哺乳动物的比较数据来衡量人类和其他物种的altriciality是如何进化的。我们还估计了大脑大小和妊娠时间的变化如何影响人类进化过程中神经发育的时间。根据我们的数据，在所有胎盘哺乳动物中，人类表现出最高的进化速度，变得更加成熟（以出生时成年大脑大小的比例衡量），但这主要是由于出生后大脑大小的明显扩大，而不是新生儿的变化。此外，我们发现，只有少数神经发育事件转移到出生后的时期，在人类进化过程中，他们主要与某些脑通路的髓鞘形成。这些结果表明，人类altriciality的感知主要是由出生后的变化驱动的，他们指出髓鞘形成的时间和人类神经可塑性之间可能存在联系。在所有胎盘哺乳动物中，人类的进化速度最快，但这主要是由于出生后大脑尺寸的扩大，而不是新生儿的变化。
Human newborns are considered altricial compared with other primates because they are relatively underdeveloped at birth. However, in a broader comparative context, other mammals are more altricial than humans. It has been proposed that altricial development evolved secondarily in humans due to obstetrical or metabolic constraints, and in association with increased brain plasticity. To explore this association, we used comparative data from 140 placental mammals to measure how altriciality evolved in humans and other species. We also estimated how changes in brain size and gestation length influenced the timing of neurodevelopment during hominin evolution. Based on our data, humans show the highest evolutionary rate to become more altricial (measured as the proportion of adult brain size at birth) across all placental mammals, but this results primarily from the pronounced postnatal enlargement of brain size rather than neonatal changes. In addition, we show that only a small number of neurodevelopmental events were shifted to the postnatal period during hominin evolution, and that they were primarily related to the myelination of certain brain pathways. These results indicate that the perception of human altriciality is mostly driven by postnatal changes, and they point to a possible association between the timing of myelination and human neuroplasticity. Humans have the highest evolutionary rate towards becoming more altricial across all placental mammals, but this results primarily from postnatal enlargement of brain size rather than neonatal changes.
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DOI：
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad230
发表时间：
2023-08
期刊：
PNAS NEXUS
影响因子：
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作者：
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10.1146/annurev-anthro-102214-013918
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期刊：
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY, VOL 44
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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