Social Media Use, eHealth Literacy, Disease Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study on Chinese Netizens.
Social Media Use, eHealth Literacy, Disease Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study on Chinese Netizens.
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DOI：
10.2196/19684
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发表时间：
2020-10-09
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Liu Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li X;Liu Q
自 2020 年 1 月爆发以来，COVID-19 已在全球范围内迅速传播，并已成为全球大流行病。社交媒体平台已被认为是公共卫生领域促进健康实践的重要工具，社交媒体的使用在公众中广泛存在。然而，人们对于在 COVID-19 等大流行期间社交媒体的使用对健康促进的影响知之甚少。在本研究中，我们旨在探讨新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 大流行期间社交媒体使用对中国公众预防行为的预测作用，以及疾病知识和电子健康素养如何调节社交媒体使用和预防行为之间的关系。 2020 年 2 月，我们对 802 名中国网民（“网民”）进行了一项全国性网络横断面调查，采用比例概率抽样方法，采用描述性统计、皮尔逊相关系数和层次多元回归来检验和探索所有变量之间的关系。 802 名研究参与者中几乎一半是男性（416 名，51.9%），参与者的平均年龄为 32.65 岁。 802 名参与者中，大多数人受过高等教育（624 人，77.7%），收入>5000 日元（736.29 美元）（525 人，65.3%），已婚（496 人，61.8%），身体健康（486 人，60.6%）。平均每天使用社交媒体的时间约为2至3小时（平均2.34小时，SD 1.11），最常用的媒体类型是公共社交媒体（平均得分4.49/5，SD 0.78）和聚合社交媒体（平均得分4.07/5，SD 1.07）。社交媒体使用频率 (β=.20, P<.001) 而不是时间可以显着预测 COVID-19 的预防行为。受访者还具备高水平的疾病知识（平均分 8.15/10，SD 1.43）和电子医疗素养（平均分 3.79/5，SD 0.59）。疾病知识（β=.11，P=.001）和电子健康素养（β=.27，P<.001）也是预防行为的重要预测因素。此外，电子健康素养 (P=.038) 和疾病知识 (P=.03) 正向调节社交媒体使用频率和预防行为之间的关系，而电子健康素养 (β=.07) 对这种关系产生积极影响，而疾病知识 (β=–.07) 对其产生负面影响。不同的社交媒体类型在预测个人对 COVID-19 的预防行为方面存在差异。聚合社交媒体 (β=.22，P<.001) 是最佳预测因子，其次是公共社交媒体 (β=.14，P<.001) 和专业社交媒体 (β=.11，P=.002)。然而，官方社交媒体 (β=.02, P=.597) 的预测作用并不显着。社交媒体是促进公众预防 COVID-19 行为的有效工具。健康素养对于促进个人健康至关重要，并影响公众在大流行期间采取预防行为的程度。我们的研究结果不仅丰富了公共卫生管理和健康传播的理论范式，而且对中国和其他国家的流行病控制具有实际意义。
Since its outbreak in January 2020, COVID-19 has quickly spread worldwide and has become a global pandemic. Social media platforms have been recognized as important tools for health-promoting practices in public health, and the use of social media is widespread among the public. However, little is known about the effects of social media use on health promotion during a pandemic such as COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to explore the predictive role of social media use on public preventive behaviors in China during the COVID-19 pandemic and how disease knowledge and eHealth literacy moderated the relationship between social media use and preventive behaviors. A national web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted by a proportionate probability sampling among 802 Chinese internet users (“netizens”) in February 2020. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple regressions were employed to examine and explore the relationships among all the variables. Almost half the 802 study participants were male (416, 51.9%), and the average age of the participants was 32.65 years. Most of the 802 participants had high education levels (624, 77.7%), had high income >¥5000 (US $736.29) (525, 65.3%), were married (496, 61.8%), and were in good health (486, 60.6%). The average time of social media use was approximately 2 to 3 hours per day (mean 2.34 hours, SD 1.11), and the most frequently used media types were public social media (mean score 4.49/5, SD 0.78) and aggregated social media (mean score 4.07/5, SD 1.07). Social media use frequency (β=.20, P<.001) rather than time significantly predicted preventive behaviors for COVID-19. Respondents were also equipped with high levels of disease knowledge (mean score 8.15/10, SD 1.43) and eHealth literacy (mean score 3.79/5, SD 0.59). Disease knowledge (β=.11, P=.001) and eHealth literacy (β=.27, P<.001) were also significant predictors of preventive behaviors. Furthermore, eHealth literacy (P=.038) and disease knowledge (P=.03) positively moderated the relationship between social media use frequency and preventive behaviors, while eHealth literacy (β=.07) affected this relationship positively and disease knowledge (β=–.07) affected it negatively. Different social media types differed in predicting an individual’s preventive behaviors for COVID-19. Aggregated social media (β=.22, P<.001) was the best predictor, followed by public social media (β=.14, P<.001) and professional social media (β=.11, P=.002). However, official social media (β=.02, P=.597) was an insignificant predictor. Social media is an effective tool to promote behaviors to prevent COVID-19 among the public. Health literacy is essential for promotion of individual health and influences the extent to which the public engages in preventive behaviors during a pandemic. Our results not only enrich the theoretical paradigm of public health management and health communication but also have practical implications in pandemic control for China and other countries.
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