Influence of porosity, pore size, and cortical thickness on the propagation of ultrasonic waves guided through the femoral neck cortex: a simulation study
Influence of porosity, pore size, and cortical thickness on the propagation of ultrasonic waves guided through the femoral neck cortex: a simulation study
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孔隙率、孔径和皮质厚度对穿过股骨颈皮质的超声波传播的影响：模拟研究
DOI：
10.1109/tuffc.2014.6722615
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Raum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Rohde;D. Rohrbach;C.-C. Glüer;P. Laugier;Q. Grimal;K. Raum
股骨颈是老年人常见的骨折部位。皮质髋臼杯被认为是股骨颈力学能力的主要贡献者，但其显微结构参数在体内条件下使用当前基于X线的方法无法充分获得。为了系统地研究股骨颈皮质的孔径、孔隙率和厚度对超声传播的影响，我们开发了96种不同的骨骼模型（组合了6种不同的孔径、4种不同的孔隙率和4种不同的厚度），并使用有限模拟超声传播时域差分算法。模拟的单元件发射器和接收器阵列由16个元件组成（8个下部和8个上级），分别放置在骨的前侧和后侧（横向传输）。从每个模拟中，我们分析了由每个下级接收器元件收集的波形，以获得具有最短飞行时间的接收器元件。然后评估该波形的第一个到达信号（与通过皮质壳传播的波相关）的三个不同波形特征（TOF：接收信号第一个拐点的时间点，Δt：信号第一次穿过零基线的时间点与TOF之间的差异，以及A：第一个到达信号第一个极值的幅度）。根据这些波形特征的分析，我们能够开发多变量模型来预测孔径、孔隙率和皮质厚度，对应于96种不同的骨模型，孔径的剩余误差范围为50 μm，孔隙率为1.5%，皮质厚度为0.17 mm。
The femoral neck is a common fracture site in elderly people. The cortical shell is thought to be the major contributor to the mechanical competence of the femoral neck, but its microstructural parameters are not sufficiently accessible under in vivo conditions with current X-ray-based methods. To systematically investigate the influences of pore size, porosity, and thickness of the femoral neck cortex on the propagation of ultrasound, we developed 96 different bone models (combining 6 different pore sizes with 4 different porosities and 4 different thicknesses) and simulated the ultrasound propagation using a finite-difference time-domain algorithm. The simulated singleelement emitter and receiver array consisting of 16 elements (8 inferior and 8 superior) were placed at anterior and posterior sides of the bone, respectively (transverse transmission). From each simulation, we analyzed the waveform collected by each of the inferior receiver elements for the one with the shortest time of flight. The first arriving signal of this waveform, which is associated with the wave traveling through the cortical shell, was then evaluated for its three different waveform characteristics (TOF: time point of the first point of inflection of the received signal, Δt: difference between the time point at which the signal first crosses the zero baseline and TOF, and A: amplitude of the first extreme of the first arriving signal). From the analyses of these waveform characteristics, we were able to develop multivariate models to predict pore size, porosity, and cortical thickness, corresponding to the 96 different bone models, with remaining errors in the range of 50 μm for pore size, 1.5% for porosity, and 0.17 mm for cortical thickness.
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