Controlling the decision to fight or flee: the roles of biogenic amines and nitric oxide in the cricket.
Controlling the decision to fight or flee: the roles of biogenic amines and nitric oxide in the cricket.
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DOI：
10.1093/cz/zow028
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发表时间：
2016-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Rillich J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stevenson PA;Rillich J
攻击是动物为获取有限资源而采取的一种常见行为策略，但必须加以限制，以限制包括伤害在内的潜在成本。动物如何做出战斗或逃跑的适应性决定几乎不为人所知。在这里，我们回顾了我们的工作，揭示了生物胺的作用，主要是章鱼胺（昆虫的去甲肾上腺素类似物）和一氧化氮（NO）。使用胺能药物，我们发现胺并不是真正发起攻击所必需的。然而，章鱼胺是必要的调解潜在的奖励经验，包括刺激与男性天线，体力消耗，胜利，和资源占有的侵略促进作用。因此，章鱼胺可以被认为是攻击的动机成分。强加的障碍，阻碍侵略性的信号显示，在战斗行为，以减少侵略性的对手认为，竞争的行动，蟋蟀作出决定逃离的时刻，这种厌恶的经验积累的总和超过了一些关键的水平。氮能药物的治疗表明，对手的攻击性行动的影响是介导的NO. NO的行为，以抑制侵略，促进逃跑的倾向，是主要负责抑郁的侵略性的下属社会失败后。章鱼胺和多巴胺都可以恢复下属的攻击性，但只有多巴胺是正常恢复所必需的。血清素的作用仍不清楚，并进行了讨论。我们的结论是，章鱼胺和NO控制的决定，战斗或逃跑，通过调解的影响，潜在的奖励和厌恶的经验，分别。
Aggression is a common behavioral strategy employed by animals to secure limited resources, but must be applied with restraint to limit potential costs including injury. How animals make the adaptive decision to fight or flee is barely known. Here, we review our work on crickets that reveals the roles of biogenic amines, primarily octopamine (the insect analog of noradrenaline) and nitric oxide (NO). Using aminergic drugs, we found that amines are not essential for actually initiating aggression. However, octopamine is necessary for mediating the aggression-promoting effects of potentially rewarding experiences including stimulation with a male antenna, physical exertion, winning, and resource possession. Hence, octopamine can be considered as the motivational component of aggression. Imposed handicaps that impede aggressive signaling revealed that the agonistic actions of an opponent perceived during fighting act to reduce aggression, and that crickets make the decision to flee the moment the accumulated sum of such aversive experiences exceeds some critical level. Treatment with nitridergic drugs revealed that the impact of the opponent’s aggressive actions is mediated by NO. NO acts to suppress aggression by promoting the tendency to flee and is primarily responsible for the depressed aggressiveness of subordinates after social defeat. Octopamine and dopamine can each restore aggression in subordinates, but only dopamine is necessary for normal recovery. The role of serotonin remains unclear, and is discussed. We conclude that octopamine and NO control the decision to fight or flee by mediating the effects of potentially rewarding and aversive experiences, respectively.
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