VLR-based adaptive immunity.

VLR-based adaptive immunity.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075038
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
29.7
通讯作者:
Cooper MD
Cooper MD
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Boehm T;McCurley N;Sutoh Y;Schorpp M;Kasahara M;Cooper MD

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七鳃鳗和盲鳗是原始的无颌脊椎动物,能够产生特异性免疫反应。七鳃鳗具有不同类型的淋巴细胞,类似于有颌脊椎动物的T和B细胞,其克隆表达称为可变淋巴细胞受体(VLR)的体细胞多样化的抗原受体,其由富含亮氨酸的重复序列的串联阵列组成。VLRs似乎是多样化的基因转换机制,涉及谱系特异性胞嘧啶脱氨酶。VLRA在T样淋巴细胞的表面上表达; B样淋巴细胞表达并分泌VLRB作为多价蛋白。VLRC由不同的淋巴细胞谱系表达。VLRA表达细胞似乎在鳃丝顶端的胸腺样组织中发育,VLRB表达细胞在造血组织中发育。进化上保守的白细胞介素和趋化因子的相互表达模式可能是免疫应答过程中细胞-细胞相互作用的基础。在无颌动物中发现VLRs阐明了早期脊椎动物获得性免疫的起源。
Lampreys and hagfish are primitive jawless vertebrates capable of mounting specific immune responses. Lampreys possess different types of lymphocytes, akin to T and B cells of jawed vertebrates, that clonally express somatically diversified antigen receptors termed variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), which are composed of tandem arrays of leucine-rich repeats. The VLRs appear to be diversified by a gene conversion mechanism involving lineage-specific cytosine deaminases. VLRA is expressed on the surface of T-like lymphocytes; B-like lymphocytes express and secrete VLRB as a multivalent protein. VLRC is expressed by a distinct lymphocyte lineage. VLRA-expressing cells appear to develop in a thymus-like tissue at the tip of gill filaments, and VLRB-expressing cells develop in hematopoietic tissues. Reciprocal expression patterns of evolutionarily conserved interleukins and chemokines possibly underlie cell-cell interactions during an immune response. The discovery of VLRs in agnathans illuminates the origins of adaptive immunity in early vertebrates.
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