Etiology of stroke and choice of models.
Etiology of stroke and choice of models.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00838.x
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发表时间：
2012-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sudlow CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krafft PR;Bailey EL;Lekic T;Rolland WB;Altay O;Tang J;Wardlaw JM;Zhang JH;Sudlow CL
通过研究不同中风亚型的病理生理学以及在人体试验前测试有希望的治疗方法，中风动物模型有助于开发更好的中风预防和治疗方法。动物模型有两大类：通过人工手段诱发中风的动物模型，模拟血管损伤的后果，但不模拟血管病理本身；以及自发发生中风的患者。由于成本、伦理考虑、标准化神经行为评估的可用性以及生理监测的便利性，大多数中风动物模型都是在啮齿类动物中进行的。虽然啮齿类动物和人类的脑血管解剖学和病理生理学有相似之处，但也存在重要的差异，包括大脑大小、穿支动脉的长度和结构，以及灰质与白质的比率，而人类的灰质与白质的比率要低得多。广泛的中风啮齿动物模型包括整体和局灶性缺血模型以及脑内和蛛网膜下出血模型。研究最广泛的自发性中风模型是自发性高血压中风易感大鼠，其中主要病变是由类似于人脑小血管疾病的血管病理学引起的小型皮质下梗塞。中风动物模型的重要局限性——它们通常仅模拟疾病的某些方面，并且不能反映人类中风的严重程度、病理学和合并症的异质性——并且必须仔细考虑关键的方法学问题（特别是治疗试验中足够的样本量、随机化和盲法的需要），以便将病理生理学概念和治疗方法从实验室成功转化为临床。
Animal models of stroke contribute to the development of better stroke prevention and treatment through studies investigating the pathophysiology of different stroke sub-types and by testing promising treatments before trials in humans. There are two broad types of animal models: those in which stroke is induced through artificial means, modeling the consequences of a vascular insult but not the vascular pathology itself; and those in which strokes occur spontaneously. Most animal models of stroke are in rodents due to cost, ethical considerations, availability of standardized neurobehavioral assessments, and ease of physiological monitoring. While there are similarities in cerebrovascular anatomy and pathophysiology between rodents and humans, there are also important differences, including brain size, length and structure of perforating arteries, and gray to white matter ratio, which is substantially lower in humans. The wide range of rodent models of stroke includes models of global and focal ischemia, and of intracerebral and sub-arachnoid hemorrhage. The most widely studied model of spontaneous stroke is the spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rat, in which the predominant lesions are small subcortical infarcts resulting from a vascular pathology similar to human cerebral small vessel disease. Important limitations of animal models of stroke - they generally model only certain aspects of the disease and do not reflect the heterogeneity in severity, pathology and comorbidities of human stroke - and key methodological issues (especially the need for adequate sample size, randomization, and blinding in treatment trials) must be carefully considered for the successful translation of pathophysiological concepts and therapeutics from bench to bedside.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.c3666
发表时间：
2010-07-26
期刊：
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Debette S;Markus HS
通讯作者：
Markus HS
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Freret, Thomas;Bouet, Valentine;Boulouard, Michel
通讯作者：
Boulouard, Michel
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Garosi, L;McConnell, JF;Schatzberg, SJ
通讯作者：
Schatzberg, SJ
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Auriat, Angela M.;Colbourne, Frederick
通讯作者：
Colbourne, Frederick
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Frazer, Duncan;Ahuja, Abha;Cipolotti, Lisa
通讯作者：
Cipolotti, Lisa