Wind and route choice affect performance of bees flying above versus within a cluttered obstacle field.
Wind and route choice affect performance of bees flying above versus within a cluttered obstacle field.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0265911
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Combes SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burnett NP;Badger MA;Combes SA
蜜蜂在自然景观中飞行时经常会遇到物理挑战，例如风和杂乱的植被，但这些因素对飞行性能的影响仍然未知。我们分析了 548 个野生捕获的蜜蜂 (Apis mellifera) 飞过包含垂直障碍物区域的围栏的视频，蜜蜂可以选择在这些障碍物内（穿过开放的走廊，无需机动）或上方飞行。我们改变了障碍物场高度和风力条件（静止、逆风或顺风），并研究了这些因素如何影响蜜蜂的飞行高度、地面速度和左右抛掷运动（横向偏移）。当障碍区较短时，蜜蜂会飞到隧道底部和天花板之间的中点附近的高度。当障碍物区域接近或超过这个中点时，蜜蜂往往会增加它们的高度，但它们并不总是避免飞过障碍物，尽管它们有这样做的自由。与在障碍物区域内飞行的蜜蜂相比，在障碍物上方飞行的蜜蜂的地面速度快 40%，横向偏移大 36%。风不会影响飞行高度，但与静止空气相比，蜜蜂在顺风中飞行速度要快 12-19%，而在逆风或顺风中飞行时，它们的横向偏移要大 19%。我们的结果表明，飞行穿过复杂环境的蜜蜂在路线选择上表现出灵活性（即在一些试验中飞过障碍物，在另一些试验中飞过障碍物），这会影响它们的整体飞行性能。自然景观中的类似选择可能会对野生蜜蜂的觅食效率、授粉和死亡率产生广泛影响。
Bees flying through natural landscapes frequently encounter physical challenges, such as wind and cluttered vegetation, but the influence of these factors on flight performance remains unknown. We analyzed 548 videos of wild-caught honeybees (Apis mellifera) flying through an enclosure containing a field of vertical obstacles that bees could choose to fly within (through open corridors, without maneuvering) or above. We varied obstacle field height and wind condition (still, headwinds or tailwinds), and examined how these factors affected bees’ flight altitude, ground speed, and side-to-side casting motions (lateral excursions). When obstacle fields were short, bees flew at altitudes near the midpoint between the tunnel floor and ceiling. When obstacle fields approached or exceeded this midpoint, bees tended to increase their altitude, but they did not always avoid flying through obstacles, despite having the freedom to do so. Bees that flew above the obstacles exhibited 40% faster ground speeds and 36% larger lateral excursions than bees that flew within the obstacle fields. Wind did not affect flight altitude, but bees flew 12–19% faster in tailwinds, and their lateral excursions were 19% larger when flying in headwinds or tailwinds, as compared to still air. Our results show that bees flying through complex environments display flexibility in their route choices (i.e., flying above obstacles in some trials and through them in others), which affects their overall flight performance. Similar choices in natural landscapes could have broad implications for foraging efficiency, pollination, and mortality in wild bees.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1323529111
发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fuller, Sawyer Buckminster;Straw, Andrew D.;Dickinson, Michael H.
通讯作者：
Dickinson, Michael H.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Hennessy, Georgia;Harris, Ciaran;Ratnieks, Francis F. L. W.
通讯作者：
Ratnieks, Francis F. L. W.
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.3051
发表时间：
2021-01-27
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Baird, Emily;Boeddeker, Norbert;Srinivasan, Mandyam V.
通讯作者：
Srinivasan, Mandyam V.
DOI：
10.1007/s00359-015-1055-y
发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Linander, Nellie;Baird, Emily;Dacke, Marie
通讯作者：
Dacke, Marie
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Linander, Nellie;Dacke, Marie;Baird, Emily
通讯作者：
Baird, Emily