Nutrition and the adaptation to endurance training.
Nutrition and the adaptation to endurance training.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40279-014-0146-1
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发表时间：
2014-05
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Baar, Keith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baar, Keith
在给定的机械应力水平下最大化代谢应力可以改善对耐力训练的适应性反应，减少损伤，并可能提高性能。钙和代谢应激，以热的形式，降低腺苷三磷酸/腺苷二磷酸的比例，糖原消耗，热量限制，和氧化应激，是适应训练的主要决定因素。这些应激源增加了过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1 α（PGC-1α）的活性和数量，PGC-1 α是一种可以直接诱导耐力运动的主要适应性反应的蛋白质：线粒体生物合成，血管生成和脂肪氧化增加。PGC-1α的活性受其电荷（磷酸化和乙酰化）调节，而其转录受与PGC-1α启动子内的肌细胞增强因子2、增强子盒和环磷酸腺苷反应元件位点结合的蛋白质调节。这篇简要的综述将描述这些代谢应激物对PGC-1α的控制。由于钙释放的持续时间和代谢应激的量以及因此PGC-1α的激活可以通过训练和营养直接调节，因此可以产生一种简单的策略来最大化对耐力训练的适应性反应。
Maximizing metabolic stress at a given level of mechanical stress can improve the adaptive response to endurance training, decrease injury, and potentially improve performance. Calcium and metabolic stress, in the form of heat, decreases in the adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate ratio, glycogen depletion, caloric restriction, and oxidative stress, are the primary determinants of the adaptation to training. These stressors increase the activity and amount of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), a protein that can directly induce the primary adaptive responses to endurance exercise: mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and increases in fat oxidation. The activity of PGC-1α is regulated by its charge (phosphorylation and acetylation), whereas its transcription is regulated by proteins that bind to myocyte enhancing factor 2, enhancer box, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element sites within the PGC-1α promoter. This brief review will describe what is known about the control of PGC-1α by these metabolic stressors. As the duration of calcium release and the amount of metabolic stress, and therefore the activation of PGC-1α, can be directly modulated by training and nutrition, a simple strategy can be generated to maximize the adaptive response to endurance training.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.260501497
发表时间：
2000-12-19
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
McKinsey, TA;Zhang, CL;Olson, EN
通讯作者：
Olson, EN
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0705070104
发表时间：
2007-07-17
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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Spiegelman, Bruce M.
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Gibala, Martin J.;Mcgee, Sean L.;Hargreaves, Mark
通讯作者：
Hargreaves, Mark
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
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ALLEN, DG