How trauma related to sex trafficking challenges parenting: Insights from Mexican and Central American survivors in the US.
How trauma related to sex trafficking challenges parenting: Insights from Mexican and Central American survivors in the US.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0252606
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Orjuela M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marti Castaner M;Fowler R;Landers C;Cohen L;Orjuela M
性贩运是一种以商业性性剥削为目的的人口贩运形式，全球共有450万人，对幸存者的身心健康产生了普遍影响。然而，人们对拉丁裔移民（美国大多数性交易受害者）在被拐卖后的经历和需求知之甚少，尤其是在养育子女方面。本质量定量研究考察了来自墨西哥和中美洲的14名性贩运幸存者（平均年龄= 30岁）在逃离性剥削后如何遇到和应对养育经验。将育儿的生物生态模型与齐默尔曼关于人口贩运的框架相结合，我们确定了与性贩运有关的创伤如何挑战育儿，以及贩卖前后的关系和背景因素（障碍）如何使妇女能够应对此类挑战。日常受害的心理后果主要表现在三个方面：在一个被认为不安全的世界中过度保护父母，在与压力和精神健康症状作斗争时情绪退缩，以及作为母亲建立信心的挑战。贩运前的忽视和虐待、被迫与年龄较大的子女分离、贩运后的贫困以及与移民有关的压力因素加剧了这些经历。然而，找到孩子出生的意义，拥有社会支持和信仰，也使母亲能够应对这些挑战。我们的结论是，在性交易中幸存下来的母亲在从创伤中恢复的道路上提出了新的挑战和机遇。需要在政策、社区和个人层面采取干预措施，在性贩运幸存者成为母亲时为她们提供支持。
Sex trafficking, a form of human trafficking for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation, with a global prevalence of 4.5 million, has pervasive effects in the mental and physical health of survivors. However, little is known about the experiences and needs of Latinx migrants (the majority of sex trafficking victims in the US) after trafficking, particularly regarding parenting. This QUAL-quant study examines how 14 survivors of sex trafficking (mean age = 30) from Mexico and Central America encounter and respond to parenting experiences after escaping sexual exploitation. Combining a bio-ecological model of parenting with Zimmerman’s framework on human trafficking we identified how trauma related to sex trafficking can challenge parenting and how relational and contextual pre and post trafficking factors (dis)enable women to respond to such challenges. Psychological consequences of daily victimization primarily manifested in three ways: overprotective parenting in a world perceived to be unsafe, emotional withdraw when struggling with stress and mental health symptoms, and challenges building confidence as mothers. These experiences were accentuated by pre-trafficking experiences of neglect and abuse, forced separation from their older children, poverty post-trafficking, and migration-related stressors. Yet, finding meaning in the birth of their child, having social support, and faith, also enable mothers to cope with such challenges. We conclude that motherhood after surviving sex trafficking presents new challenges and opportunities in the path to recovery from trauma. Interventions at the policy, community and individual level are needed to support survivors of sex trafficking as they enter motherhood.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31389-7
发表时间：
2017-01-07
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Black MM;Walker SP;Fernald LCH;Andersen CT;DiGirolamo AM;Lu C;McCoy DC;Fink G;Shawar YR;Shiffman J;Devercelli AE;Wodon QT;Vargas-Barón E;Grantham-McGregor S;Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering Committee
通讯作者：
Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering Committee
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Creswell, JW;Miller, DL
通讯作者：
Miller, DL
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Banyard, Victoria L;Williams, Linda M;Siegel, Jane A
通讯作者：
Siegel, Jane A
DOI：
10.1300/j229v07n04_05
发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
Journal of trauma & dissociation : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chu, Ann;Deprince, Anne P
通讯作者：
Deprince, Anne P
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Bosquet Enlow M;Egeland B;Carlson E;Blood E;Wright RJ
通讯作者：
Wright RJ