Community Mitigation Guidelines to Prevent Pandemic Influenza - United States, 2017.
Community Mitigation Guidelines to Prevent Pandemic Influenza - United States, 2017.
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DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.rr6601a1
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发表时间：
2017-04-21
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
CDC Community Mitigation Guidelines Work Group
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qualls N;Levitt A;Kanade N;Wright-Jegede N;Dopson S;Biggerstaff M;Reed C;Uzicanin A;CDC Community Mitigation Guidelines Work Group
当一种具有大流行潜力的新型甲型流感病毒出现时，非药物干预措施（NPI）通常是最容易获得的干预措施，以帮助减缓病毒在社区中的传播，这在大流行疫苗广泛使用之前尤为重要。NPI，也称为社区缓解措施，是个人和社区可以采取的行动，以帮助减缓呼吸道病毒感染（包括季节性和大流行性流感病毒）的传播。这些指导方针取代了2007年的临时大流行前规划指南：美国大流行性流感缓解社区战略-早期、有针对性、分层使用非药物干预措施（https：//stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/11425）。与2007年指南相比，一些要素保持不变，其中描述了推荐的NPI以及在流感大流行期间使用这些干预措施的支持理由和关键概念。可以根据大流行的严重程度和一段时间内当地的传播模式，分阶段或分层实施非营利机构。NPI的类别包括日常使用的个人防护措施（例如，病人的自愿居家隔离、呼吸礼仪和手部卫生）;为流感大流行保留的个人防护措施（例如，对受感染的家庭成员自愿进行家庭隔离，生病时在社区环境中使用口罩）;旨在增加社交距离的社区措施（例如，学校关闭和解雇，工作场所的社交距离，以及推迟或取消大规模集会）;以及环境措施（例如，经常接触的表面的常规清洁）。2017年的指南中纳入了一些新的内容。首先，为了支持关于使用NPI的最新建议，增加了自甲型H1N1流感pdm 09大流行以来可用的最新科学证据。其次，总结了从2009年H1N1流感大流行应对中吸取的经验教训，以强调广泛和灵活的大流行前规划的重要性。第三，增加了关于社区参与的新章节，以强调及时有效地利用非营利机构取决于社区的接受和积极参与。第四，为了提供新的或更新的大流行评估和规划工具，描述了新型流感病毒大流行间隔工具、流感风险评估工具、大流行严重程度评估框架和一组大流行前规划方案。最后，为了促进更新后的指南的实施，并协助各州和地方进行大流行前的规划和决策，本报告链接到六个补充的大流行前NPI规划指南，这些指南适用于不同的社区环境，可在线获得（https：//www.cdc.gov/nonpharmacical-interventions）。
When a novel influenza A virus with pandemic potential emerges, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) often are the most readily available interventions to help slow transmission of the virus in communities, which is especially important before a pandemic vaccine becomes widely available. NPIs, also known as community mitigation measures, are actions that persons and communities can take to help slow the spread of respiratory virus infections, including seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. These guidelines replace the 2007 Interim Pre-pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation in the United States — Early, Targeted, Layered Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/11425). Several elements remain unchanged from the 2007 guidance, which described recommended NPIs and the supporting rationale and key concepts for the use of these interventions during influenza pandemics. NPIs can be phased in, or layered, on the basis of pandemic severity and local transmission patterns over time. Categories of NPIs include personal protective measures for everyday use (e.g., voluntary home isolation of ill persons, respiratory etiquette, and hand hygiene); personal protective measures reserved for influenza pandemics (e.g., voluntary home quarantine of exposed household members and use of face masks in community settings when ill); community measures aimed at increasing social distancing (e.g., school closures and dismissals, social distancing in workplaces, and postponing or cancelling mass gatherings); and environmental measures (e.g., routine cleaning of frequently touched surfaces). Several new elements have been incorporated into the 2017 guidelines. First, to support updated recommendations on the use of NPIs, the latest scientific evidence available since the influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 pandemic has been added. Second, a summary of lessons learned from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic response is presented to underscore the importance of broad and flexible prepandemic planning. Third, a new section on community engagement has been included to highlight that the timely and effective use of NPIs depends on community acceptance and active participation. Fourth, to provide new or updated pandemic assessment and planning tools, the novel influenza virus pandemic intervals tool, the Influenza Risk Assessment Tool, the Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework, and a set of prepandemic planning scenarios are described. Finally, to facilitate implementation of the updated guidelines and to assist states and localities with prepandemic planning and decision-making, this report links to six supplemental prepandemic NPI planning guides for different community settings that are available online (https://www.cdc.gov/nonpharmaceutical-interventions).
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