The local governance of COVID-19: Disease prevention and social security in rural India.
The local governance of COVID-19: Disease prevention and social security in rural India.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105234
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Fischer HW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dutta A;Fischer HW
COVID-19给发展中国家农村地区的病毒控制和社会保障带来了巨大挑战。我们研究了印度拉贾斯坦邦、奥里萨邦和喀拉拉邦民选村政府在协调国家应对措施中的作用。紧迫的需求激发了新的跨部门和多尺度互动，将国家行动与当地现实联系起来。来自喀拉拉邦的证据说明了对地方政府的长期支持如何提高公众信任和应对措施的有效性。对于理解 COVID-19 的影响和恢复来说，治理与生物学、人口学和经济一样重要。世界各国已采取广泛的战略来阻止 COVID-19 的传播并控制其造成的经济影响。由于卫生基础设施不发达、国家感染控制能力参差不齐以及普遍存在贫困，发展中国家农村地区在制定和实施有效应对措施方面面临特别困难。本文通过研究印度三个邦——拉贾斯坦邦、奥里萨邦和喀拉拉邦——邦当局如何试图弥合快速、有力应对疫情的需求与当地现实之间的差距，论证了地方治理在协调疫情应对中的关键作用。通过对中层和基层官员的采访以及对政策文件的审查，我们展示了由于地方政府在实施疾病控制和社会保障机制方面承担了核心责任，因此应对COVID-19的紧迫性如何激发了参与协调应对工作的行政单位之间新型的跨部门和多层面的互动。来自喀拉拉邦的证据尤其表明，国家对民主地方政府的长期投资以及将妇女纳入基层国家职能的安排（通过其 Kudumbashree 计划）建立了公众与国家行为者的高度信任和合作，而地方当局在实施国家应对措施时奉行关怀道德。这些来自南亚大流行初期几个月的观察结果可以作为未来研究的基础，研究现有的制度安排及其历史如何影响大流行期间疾病控制和生计支持的长期成功。我们认为，对于理解 COVID-19 影响和恢复的轨迹，治理与生物学、人口学和经济一样重要。
COVID-19 presents great challenges for virus control and social security in rural areas of developing countries. We examine the role of elected village governments in coordinating state response in Rajasthan, Odisha, and Kerala, India. Urgent needs have galvanized new cross-sectoral and multi-scalar interactions that link state action with local realities. Evidence from Kerala illustrates how long-term support for local governments improves public trust and effectiveness of response. Governance is as important to understanding COVID-19 impacts and recovery as biology, demography, and economy. Countries around the world have undertaken a wide range of strategies to halt the spread of COVID-19 and control the economic fallout left in its wake. Rural areas of developing countries pose particular difficulties for developing and implementing effective responses owing to underdeveloped health infrastructure, uneven state capacity for infection control, and endemic poverty. This paper makes the case for the critical role of local governance in coordinating pandemic response by examining how state authorities are attempting to bridge the gap between the need for rapid, vigorous response to the pandemic and local realities in three Indian states – Rajasthan, Odisha, and Kerala. Through a combination of interviews with mid and low-level bureaucrats and a review of policy documents, we show how the urgency of COVID-19 response has galvanized new kinds of cross-sectoral and multi-scalar interaction between administrative units involved in coordinating responses, as local governments have assumed central responsibility in the implementation of disease control and social security mechanisms. Evidence from Kerala in particular suggests that the state’s long term investment in democratic local government and arrangements for incorporating women within grassroots state functions (through its Kudumbashree program) has built a high degree of public trust and cooperation with state actors, while local authorities embrace an ethic of care in the implementation of state responses. These observations, from the early months of the pandemic in South Asia, can serve as a foundation for future studies of how existing institutional arrangements and their histories pattern the long-term success of disease control and livelihood support as the pandemic proceeds. Governance, we argue, will be as important to understanding the trajectory of COVID-19 impacts and recovery as biology, demography, and economy.
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