Ethnoracial differences in workplace drug testing and policies on positive drug tests in the United States.
Ethnoracial differences in workplace drug testing and policies on positive drug tests in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109898
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发表时间：
2023-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Goings, Trenette Clark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oh, Sehun;Hodges, James;Salas-Wright, Christopher;Smith, Brianna;Goings, Trenette Clark
关键词：
药物测试作为基于工作的员工药物滥用预防策略被广泛实施。然而，它引起了人们的担忧，担心它可能在种族/族裔工人比例过高的工作场所用作惩罚措施。本研究调查了美国种族工人在工作场所接受药物检测的比率以及雇主对阳性检测结果反应的潜在差异。使用 2015-2019 年全国药物使用和健康调查数据对 121,988 名就业成年人的全国代表性样本进行了检查。工作场所药物检测暴露率是针对少数民族工人单独估算的。然后，我们使用多项逻辑回归来测试不同种族亚组的雇主对首次药检呈阳性结果的反应差异。自 2002 年以来，黑人工人在工作场所实施药物检测政策的比例比西班牙裔或白人工人高 15-20%。当吸毒检测呈阳性时，黑人和西班牙裔工人比白人工人更有可能被解雇。当检测结果呈阳性时，与白人工人相比，黑人工人更有可能被转介到治疗/咨询服务，而西班牙裔工人被转介的可能性较小。黑人工人在工作场所过多地接受药物检测和惩罚性反应，可能会将有药物使用问题的个人排除在劳动力之外，从而限制他们通过工作场所获得治疗/其他资源的机会。此外，西班牙裔工人在吸毒检测呈阳性时获得治疗和咨询服务的机会有限，需要注意解决未满足的需求。
Drug testing is widely implemented as a work-based prevention strategy for employee substance use. However, it has raised concerns about its potential use as a punitive measure in the workplace where racialized/ethnic workers are over-represented. This study examines the rates of exposure to workplace drug testing among ethnoracial workers in the United States and the potential differences in the employers’ responses to positive test results. A nationally-representative sample of 121,988 employed adults was examined using the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data. The rates of exposure to workplace drug testing were estimated separately for ethnoracial workers. Then we used multinomial logistic regression to test differences in employers’ responses to the first positive drug test results across ethnoracial subgroups. Since 2002, Black workers reported 15–20% points higher rates of having a workplace drug testing policy than Hispanic or White workers. When tested positive for drug use, Black and Hispanic workers were more likely to be fired than White workers. When tested positive, Black workers were more likely to be referred to treatment/counseling services while Hispanic workers were less likely to be referred compared to White workers. Black workers’ disproportionate exposure to drug testing and punitive responses in the workplace may potentially place individuals with substance use problems out of the workforce, limiting their access to treatment/other resources available via their workplaces. Also, Hispanic workers’ limited accessibility to treatment and counseling services when tested positive for drug use requires attention to address unmet needs.
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