The deep biosphere in terrestrial sediments in the chesapeake bay area, virginia, USA.
The deep biosphere in terrestrial sediments in the chesapeake bay area, virginia, USA.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2011.00156
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Schippers A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breuker A;Köweker G;Blazejak A;Schippers A
首次使用多种方法（总细胞计数，定量实时PCR，Q-PCR和催化报告沉积-荧光原位杂交，CARD-FISH）提供了有关深层陆地沉积物中细菌，古生物和真核生物丰度的定量数据。2006年，在美国弗吉尼亚州Eyreville的切萨皮克湾地区对贫营养（有机碳含量为0.2%）的深层陆地沉积物进行了钻探和取样，深度达140 m。使用荧光微球检查了钻井过程中污染的可能性。总细胞计数下降，从109至106细胞/克干重最高的20米，并没有进一步减少与深度以下。在顶部7 m内，可以用CARD-FISH检测到总细胞计数的显著比例。细菌的CARD-FISH值比细菌的CARD-FISH值高约一个数量级。通过Q-PCR证实了细菌对葡萄球菌的优势。利用Q-PCR技术，对10 m以上和80-140 m深度的原核和真核小亚基核糖体RNA基因以及参与不同地球化学过程的功能基因进行了定量分析。真核生物和Fe（III）-和Mn（IV）-还原细菌组Geobacteriaceae几乎完全发现在最上层米（耕地土壤），其中活性铁被检测到较高的金额。在海洋沉积物中高度丰富的细菌候选部门JS-1以及绿球藻门的Anaerolineae和Caldilineae纲，在这个陆地地点的最大采样深度也发现了高拷贝数。编码RubisCO大亚基的功能基因cbbL的类似高丰度表明，除了异养生物之外，自养微生物也可能是相关的。硫酸盐还原菌的功能基因aprA分布在不同的层中，最高可达约1000个。100米深的低拷贝数。产甲烷菌的mcrA基因未检测到。16 S rRNA基因的克隆和测序数据揭示了典型土壤细菌的序列。古菌序列的最近的亲戚是从陆地和海洋环境中发现的古菌。Crenarchaeota和Euryarchaeota的系统发育分析揭示了未培养的南非金矿群，深海热液喷口Euryarchaeotal 6群和其他Crenarchaeotic群集群的新成员。
For the first time quantitative data on the abundance of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya in deep terrestrial sediments are provided using multiple methods (total cell counting, quantitative real-time PCR, Q-PCR and catalyzed reporter deposition–fluorescence in situ hybridization, CARD–FISH). The oligotrophic (organic carbon content of ∼0.2%) deep terrestrial sediments in the Chesapeake Bay area at Eyreville, Virginia, USA, were drilled and sampled up to a depth of 140 m in 2006. The possibility of contamination during drilling was checked using fluorescent microspheres. Total cell counts decreased from 109 to 106 cells/g dry weight within the uppermost 20 m, and did not further decrease with depth below. Within the top 7 m, a significant proportion of the total cell counts could be detected with CARD–FISH. The CARD–FISH numbers for Bacteria were about an order of magnitude higher than those for Archaea. The dominance of Bacteria over Archaea was confirmed by Q-PCR. The down core quantitative distribution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic small subunit ribosomal RNA genes as well as functional genes involved in different biogeochemical processes was revealed by Q-PCR for the uppermost 10 m and for 80–140 m depth. Eukarya and the Fe(III)- and Mn(IV)-reducing bacterial group Geobacteriaceae were almost exclusively found in the uppermost meter (arable soil), where reactive iron was detected in higher amounts. The bacterial candidate division JS-1 and the classes Anaerolineae and Caldilineae of the phylum Chloroflexi, highly abundant in marine sediments, were found up to the maximum sampling depth in high copy numbers at this terrestrial site as well. A similar high abundance of the functional gene cbbL encoding for the large subunit of RubisCO suggests that autotrophic microorganisms could be relevant in addition to heterotrophs. The functional gene aprA of sulfate reducing bacteria was found within distinct layers up to ca. 100 m depth in low copy numbers. The gene mcrA of methanogens was not detectable. Cloning and sequencing data of 16S rRNA genes revealed sequences of typical soil Bacteria. The closest relatives of the archaeal sequences were Archaea recovered from terrestrial and marine environments. Phylogenetic analysis of the Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota revealed new members of the uncultured South African Gold Mine Group, Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeotal Group 6, and Miscellaneous Crenarcheotic Group clusters.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
CANFIELD, DE
通讯作者：
CANFIELD, DE
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Fry, John C.;Horsfield, Brian;Parkes, R. John
通讯作者：
Parkes, R. John
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0600035103
发表时间：
2006-03-07
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Biddle, JF;Lipp, JS;Hinrichs, KU
通讯作者：
Hinrichs, KU
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
D'Hondt, S;Jorgensen, BB;Acosta, JLS
通讯作者：
Acosta, JLS
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
BALKWILL, DL;FREDRICKSON, JK;THOMAS, JM
通讯作者：
THOMAS, JM