First come, first served: superinfection exclusion in Deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition.
First come, first served: superinfection exclusion in Deformed wing virus is dependent upon sequence identity and not the order of virus acquisition.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-021-01043-4
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发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Evans DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gusachenko ON;Woodford L;Balbirnie-Cumming K;Evans DJ
变形翅病毒是蜜蜂最重要的全球分布病原体，当被体外寄生虫瓦罗亚破坏因子传播时，与高水平的蜂群损失有关。不同的DWV类型在致病性上可能不同，据报道，在连续感染时表现出重叠感染排斥，这在瓦罗阿感染的群体中是不可避免的。我们使用反向遗传方法来研究遗传上不同或相关的病毒株之间的竞争和相互作用，分析随着时间的推移病毒载量、报告基因表达病毒的组织分布以及病毒变体之间的重组。无论病毒获取的顺序如何，都会发生短暂的竞争，这表明没有方向性或优势。在更长的时期内，与先前存在的感染竞争的能力与接种者的遗传分化相关。在整个DWV基因组中观察到了基因重组，通过深度测序确定重组子占群体的2%。我们认为，重叠感染排除，如果它真的发生，是对所涉及的病毒的交叉反应RNAi反应的结果，解释了一种病毒类型对另一种病毒缺乏优势的原因。更好地理解双重感染和双重感染的后果将有助于交叉保护性蜜蜂疫苗和横向DWV传播和进化的发展。
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is the most important globally distributed pathogen of honey bees and, when vectored by the ectoparasite Varroa destructor, is associated with high levels of colony losses. Divergent DWV types may differ in their pathogenicity and are reported to exhibit superinfection exclusion upon sequential infections, an inevitability in a Varroa-infested colony. We used a reverse genetic approach to investigate competition and interactions between genetically distinct or related virus strains, analysing viral load over time, tissue distribution with reporter gene-expressing viruses and recombination between virus variants. Transient competition occurred irrespective of the order of virus acquisition, indicating no directionality or dominance. Over longer periods, the ability to compete with a pre-existing infection correlated with the genetic divergence of the inoculae. Genetic recombination was observed throughout the DWV genome with recombinants accounting for ~2% of the population as determined by deep sequencing. We propose that superinfection exclusion, if it occurs at all, is a consequence of a cross-reactive RNAi response to the viruses involved, explaining the lack of dominance of one virus type over another. A better understanding of the consequences of dual- and superinfection will inform development of cross-protective honey bee vaccines and landscape-scale DWV transmission and evolution.
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