False-belief understanding i 2.5-year-olds: evidence for violation-of-expectation change-of-location and unexpected-contents tasks.
False-belief understanding i 2.5-year-olds: evidence for violation-of-expectation change-of-location and unexpected-contents tasks.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00980.x
复制
发表时间：
2011-03
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Baillargeon R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He Z;Bolz M;Baillargeon R
直到最近，人们普遍认为，归因错误信念的能力直到 4 岁左右才出现。然而，最近使用自发反应任务而不是引发反应任务的报告表明，这种能力可能更早出现。迄今为止，研究人员已经采用了两种自发反应的错误信念任务：违反期望的任务已用于婴儿的第二年，预期任务已用于幼儿的第三年。在本研究中，2.5 岁的幼儿接受了违反预期任务的测试，其中涉及位置变更情况（实验 1）和意外内容情况（实验 2）。在这两种情况下，结果都是积极的，首次证明了幼儿使用违反期望的任务来理解错误信念，因此，指出了早期错误信念理解的一致和连续的画面。
Until recently, it was generally assumed that the ability to attribute false beliefs did not emerge until about 4 years of age. However, recent reports using spontaneous- as opposed to elicited-response tasks have suggested that this ability may be present much earlier. To date, researchers have employed two kinds of spontaneous-response false-belief tasks: violation-of-expectation tasks have been used with infants in the second year of life, and anticipatory-looking tasks have been used with toddlers in the third year of life. In the present research, 2.5-year-old toddlers were tested in violation-of-expectation tasks involving a change-of-location situation (Experiment 1) and an unexpected-contents situation (Experiment 2). Results were positive in both situations, providing the first demonstrations of false-belief understanding in toddlers using violation-of-expectation tasks and, as such, pointing to a consistent and continuous picture of early false-belief understanding.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-835x.1987.tb01048.x
发表时间：
1987-06-01
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
PERNER, J;LEEKAM, SR;WIMMER, H
通讯作者：
WIMMER, H
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Mueller, Veronika A.;Brass, Marcel;Prinz, Wolfgang
通讯作者：
Prinz, Wolfgang
影响因子：
4
作者：
ROSE, SA;MELLOYCARMINAR, P;BRIDGER, WH
通讯作者：
BRIDGER, WH
影响因子：
2
作者：
Obhi, SS;Haggard, P
通讯作者：
Haggard, P
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Birch, SAJ;Bloom, P
通讯作者：
Bloom, P