Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands.
Presence of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Drinking Water near a Fluorochemical Production Plant in the Netherlands.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.7b02488
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发表时间：
2017-10-03
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
van Leeuwen SPJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gebbink WA;van Asseldonk L;van Leeuwen SPJ
本研究调查了荷兰2016年从含氟化合物生产工厂上游和下游收集的河水以及对照地点的河水中存在的遗留和新出现的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）。此外，还从生产工厂附近的城市以及荷兰其他地区收集了饮用水样本。在所有下游河流采样点均检测到全氟辛酸替代化学品GenX，其中生产厂下游第一个采样点的浓度最高（812纳克/升），是全氟烷基羧酸和全氟烷基磺酸盐（∑PFCA+∑PFSA）浓度总和的13倍。使用高分辨率质谱，属于C2 nH 2nF 2nO 2，C2 nH 2n +2F 2nSO 4或C2 n +1H 2nF 2n +4SO 4同系物系列的11个多氟烷基酸被检测到，但仅在下游水样中。这些新出现的PFAS在下游采样点的分布与GenX相似，表明生产工厂是来源。多氟烷基磺酸盐（C2 nH 2F 4 nSO 3）中检测到所有收集的河水样本，因此似乎是无处不在的污染物在荷兰的河流。在生产工厂附近的4个城市中的3个城市收集的饮用水中也检测到GenX，最高浓度为11 ng/L。含有最高水平GenX的饮用水还含有两种C2 nH 2nF 2nO 2同系物。
The present study investigated the presence of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in river water collected in 2016 up- and downstream from a fluorochemical production plant, as well as in river water from control sites, in The Netherlands. Additionally, drinking water samples were collected from municipalities in the vicinity from the production plant, as well as in other regions in The Netherlands. The PFOA replacement chemical GenX was detected at all downstream river sampling sites with the highest concentration (812 ng/L) at the first sampling location downstream from the production plant, which was 13 times higher than concentrations of sum perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids and perfluoroalkanesulfonates (∑PFCA+∑PFSA). Using high resolution mass spectrometry, 11 polyfluoroalkyl acids belonging to the C2nH2nF2nO2, C2nH2n+2F2nSO4 or C2n+1H2nF2n+4SO4 homologue series were detected, but only in downstream water samples. These emerging PFASs followed a similar distribution as GenX among the downstream sampling sites, suggesting the production plant as the source. Polyfluoroalkyl sulfonates (C2nH2F4nSO3) were detected in all collected river water samples, and therefore appear to be ubiquitous contaminants in Dutch rivers. GenX was also detected in drinking water collected from 3 out of 4 municipalities in the vicinity of the production plant, with highest concentration at 11 ng/L. Drinking water containing the highest level of GenX also contained two C2nH2nF2nO2 homologues.
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