Judgments of learning are affected by the kind of encoding in ways that cannot be attributed to the level of recall.

Judgments of learning are affected by the kind of encoding in ways that cannot be attributed to the level of recall.
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学习判断会受到编码类型的影响,而这种影响不能归因于回忆水平。

DOI:
10.1037//0278-7393.21.5.1263
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发表时间:
1995
期刊:
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Nelson,TO
Nelson,TO
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mazzoni,G;Nelson,TO

文献摘要

参考文献

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作者研究了这样一个理论问题:不同类型的编码是否会影响学习判断(JOL),而不仅仅是这些类型的编码对回忆可能性产生的差异所产生的任何间接影响。他们发现,通过有意学习进行编码后的 JOL 比通过偶然学习进行编码后更准确,即使这些类型的编码的回忆可能性没有差异(实验 1),并且通过生成响应进行有意编码比通过读取响应进行有意编码时更准确(实验 2)。还发现了 JOL 的聚合效应:与逐项 JOL 的典型过度自信相比,制作有关项目聚合的回忆可能性的 JOL 会减少过度自信(甚至信心不足)。研究结果的总体模式表明,JOL 理论上很丰富,并且不仅仅基于回忆可能性的基础。
The authors investigated the theoretical question of whether different kinds of encoding can affect judgments of learning (JOLs) beyond any indirect effects arising from the differences those kinds of encoding produce on the likelihood of recall. They found that JOLs were more accurate after encoding by means of intentional learning than after encoding by means of incidental learning, even when the likelihood of recall did not differ for those kinds of encoding (Experiment 1), and were more accurate when intentional encoding occurred by generating the responses than by reading the responses (Experiment 2). An aggregation effect for JOLs was also discovered: Making JOLs about the likelihood of recall for an aggregate of items yielded less overconfidence (and even underconfidence) in contrast to the typical overconfidence of item-by-item JOLs. The overall pattern of findings suggests that JOLs are theoretically rich and are based on more than whatever underlies the likelihood of recall.
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