Essentialist Reasoning and Knowledge Effects on Biological Reasoning in Young Children
Essentialist Reasoning and Knowledge Effects on Biological Reasoning in Young Children
复制标题
本质主义推理和知识对幼儿生物推理的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Rosengren
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Herrmann;Jason A. French;Ganie Dehart;K. Rosengren
生物种类在其一生中经历着各种各样的变化，这些变化的程度因生物而异。生物推理中的一个关键概念是，理解一个有机体，如毛毛虫，在其生命周期中尽管发生了巨大的变化，但仍能保持类别身份。目前，我们对儿童对戏剧性生命周期变化的理解的发展轨迹以及这与他们对进化的理解之间的关系知之甚少。我们认为，这种理解是后来对进化变化理解的一个关键先导。两项研究考察了年龄和知识对儿童的生物推理的影响，这些生物经历了一系列自然的生命周期变化——从微妙到戏剧性。研究人员向3岁、4岁和7岁的参与者展示了幼年动物和成年动物的成对照片，并要求他们支持生物或非生物因果机制来解释寿命变化。此外，研究人员还比较了3岁和4岁参与者在毛毛虫变成蝴蝶之前和之后的推理能力。这些结果是根据本质主义推理的发展轨迹来构建的，这是一种认知偏见，与理解和接受进化的困难有关。
Biological kinds undergo a variety of changes during their life span, and these changes vary in degree by organism. Understanding that an organism, such as a caterpillar, maintains category identity over its life span despite dramatic changes is a key concept in biological reasoning. At present, we know little about the developmental trajectory of children’s understanding of dramatic life-cycle changes and how this might relate to their understanding of evolution. We suggest that this understanding is a key precursor to later understanding of evolutionary change. Two studies examined the impact of age and knowledge on children’s biological reasoning about living kinds that undergo a range of natural life-span changes—from subtle to dramatic. The participants, who were 3, 4, and 7 years old, were shown paired pictures of juvenile and adult animals and asked to endorse biological or nonbiological causal mechanisms to account for life-span change. Additionally, reasoning of 3- and 4-year-old participants was compared before and after exposure to caterpillars transforming into butterflies. The results are framed in terms of a developmental trajectory in essentialist reasoning, a cognitive bias that has been associated with difficulties in understanding and accepting evolution.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
M. Rhodes;S. Gelman
通讯作者：
M. Rhodes;S. Gelman
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Taylor MG;Rhodes M;Gelman SA
通讯作者：
Gelman SA
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
ROSENGREN, KS;GELMAN, SA;MCCORMICK, M
通讯作者：
MCCORMICK, M