Distribution and seasonal differences in Pacific Lamprey and Lampetra spp eDNA across 18 Puget Sound watersheds.
Distribution and seasonal differences in Pacific Lamprey and Lampetra spp eDNA across 18 Puget Sound watersheds.
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作者：
Ostberg CO;Chase DM;Hayes MC;Duda JJ
七鳃鳗分布在世界各地，在功能上对生态群落很重要，在许多文化中发挥着重要作用。在北美的太平洋沿岸流域，七鳃鳗的数量大幅下降。然而，该区域许多地区的七鳃鳗种群状况和趋势尚不清楚，这些信息对于推进保护目标是必要的。我们建立了两种基于PCR的水环境DNA(EDNA)定量分析方法，用于检测太平洋七鳃鳗(Entspenus Tridentatus)和七鳃鳗(Lampetra Spp)，在探针设计中使用锁定核酸(LNAs)。我们通过采集春季和秋季的水样，用这些分析方法描述了华盛顿州普吉特湾18个流域七鳃鳗的空间分布。在14个流域分别检测到太平洋七鳃鳗和七鳃鳗，并在10个流域同时出现。七鳃鳗埃德纳在春季的检出率比秋季高得多。具体地说，尽管溪流中全年都有七鳃鳗幼体存在，但太平洋七鳃鳗幼体的检测率在春季高出3.5倍，七鳃鳗的检测率在春季高出1.5倍。这一重大发现突显了季节性对EDNA检测的重要性。秋季较高的溪流流量可能是导致Edna发现率下降的原因之一，尽管季节性生活史事件也可能起到了作用。这些埃德纳分析在北美西海岸的大部分范围内区分了太平洋七鳃鳗和七鳃鳗。序列分析表明，太平洋七鳃鳗检测也针对其他Entspenus spp，并表明Lampetra spp检测能力可能有限或没有能力在哥伦比亚河流域以南的一些地点检测Lampetra。然而，这些分析将成为资源管理者的宝贵工具，并直接应用于七鳃鳗保护工作，如绘制物种分布图、占有率模型以及监测易位和重新引入。
Lampreys have a worldwide distribution, are functionally important to ecological communities and serve significant roles in many cultures. In Pacific coast drainages of North America, lamprey populations have suffered large declines. However, lamprey population status and trends within many areas of this region are unknown and such information is needed for advancing conservation goals. We developed two quantitative PCR-based, aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) assays for detection of Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) and Lampetra spp, using locked nucleic acids (LNAs) in the probe design. We used these assays to characterize the spatial distribution of lamprey in 18 watersheds of Puget Sound, Washington, by collecting water samples in spring and fall. Pacific Lamprey and Lampetra spp were each detected in 14 watersheds and co-occurred in 10 watersheds. Lamprey eDNA detection rates were much higher in spring compared to fall. Specifically, the Pacific Lamprey eDNA detection rate was 3.5 times higher in spring and the Lampetra spp eDNA detection rate was 1.5 times higher in spring even though larval lamprey are present in streams year-round. This significant finding highlights the importance of seasonality on eDNA detection. Higher stream discharge in the fall likely contributed to reduced eDNA detection rates, although seasonal life history events may have also contributed. These eDNA assays differentiate Pacific Lamprey and Lampetra spp across much of their range along the west coast of North America. Sequence analysis indicates the Pacific Lamprey assay also targets other Entosphenus spp and indicates the Lampetra spp assay may have limited or no capability of detecting Lampetra in some locations south of the Columbia River Basin. Nevertheless, these assays will serve as a valuable tool for resource managers and have direct application to lamprey conservation efforts, such as mapping species distributions, occupancy modeling, and monitoring translocations and reintroductions.
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