Testing umbrella species and food-web properties of large carnivores in the Rocky Mountains

Testing umbrella species and food-web properties of large carnivores in the Rocky Mountains
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测试落基山脉大型食肉动物的保护伞物种和食物网特性

DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109888
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Paczkowski, John
Paczkowski, John
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Steenweg, Robin;Hebblewhite, Mark;Burton, Cole;Whittington, Jesse;Heim, Nikki;Fisher, Jason T.;Ladle, Andrew;Lowe, Winsor;Muhly, Tyler;Paczkowski, John

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尽管受到批评,但伞种概念仍然是面对全球变化保护生物多样性的基本保护工具,但很少受到考验。食物网理论提供了一个检验伞形种适应性和生态功能的工具,我们在一个大型哺乳动物食物网中进行了研究。使用698相机陷阱位置在加拿大落基山脉的数据,我们开发的分层占用模型来预测的共同出现的16个大型哺乳动物物种。我们利用以前的饮食研究在加拿大落基山脉描述这些物种的Meta食物网(元网络)。接下来,我们使用预测的占用率来过滤元网络,以估计每个摄像机位置处的实际食物网。我们使用所有698个相机站点的预测占用率测试了伞物种概念。然后,我们使用广义线性模型,使用已实现的食物网对5个食物网属性(物种丰富度、链接性、连通性、嵌套性和模块性)测试了食肉动物的影响,同时考虑了已知影响食物网动态的景观协变量。我们的多物种占用模型反映了以前被证明影响大型哺乳动物发生的因素。我们的研究结果还表明,灰熊(Ursus horribilis),一个多面手的食肉动物,是最好的伞食肉动物物种,并解释物种丰富度最好。然而,当考虑食物网属性时,狼(Canis lupus)和美洲狮(Felis concolor)作为更好的保护伞,也捕捉了食物网属性,如连接性,链接和嵌套,更好地反映了生态相互作用。我们的研究结果支持大型食肉动物的保护伞和生态相互作用的物种在保护规划的作用。
Despite criticisms, the umbrella species concept remains a fundamental conservation tool for protecting biodiversity in the face of global change, yet it is rarely tested. Food web theory provides a tool to test both umbrella-species' suitability and their ecological function, which we investigate in a large-mammal food web. Using data from 698 camera trap locations in the Canadian Rockies, we develop hierarchical occupancy models to predict the co-occurrence of 16 large mammal species. We draw upon previous diet studies in the Canadian Rockies to describe the meta food-web (meta-web) for these species. Next, we filtered the meta-web using predicted occupancy to estimate realized food webs at each camera location. We tested the umbrella species concept using predicted occupancy across all 698 camera sites. We then tested for carnivore effects using realized food webs on 5 food-web properties: species richness, links, connectance, nestedness and modularity using generalized linear models while accounting for landscape covariates known to affect food web dynamics. Our multispecies occupancy models reflected factors previously demonstrated to affect large mammal occurrence. Our results also demonstrated that grizzly bear (Ursus horribilis), a generalist carnivore, was the best umbrella carivore species, and explained species richness the best. When considering food web properties, however, wolves (Canis lupus) and cougars (Felis concolor) served as better umbrellas that also captured food web properties such as connectance, links and nestedness that better reflect ecological interactions. Our results support the role of large carnivores as umbrella and ecologically interactive species in conservation planning.
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影响因子: 11.6
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