Aerosol particles generated by diesel-powered school buses at urban schools as a source of children's exposure.
Aerosol particles generated by diesel-powered school buses at urban schools as a source of children's exposure.
复制标题
城市学校柴油动力校车产生的气溶胶颗粒是儿童接触的一个来源。
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.018
复制
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Grinshpun,SergeyA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hochstetler,HeatherA;Yermakov,Mikhail;Reponen,Tiina;Ryan,PatrickH;Grinshpun,SergeyA
儿童的各种健康影响与接触与交通有关的颗粒物（PM）有关，包括校车的排放物。本研究以四所城市柴油校车服务小学为研究对象，对其室内和室外气溶胶的颗粒数量、浓度和大小分布以及PM2.5质量浓度和元素组成进行了研究。结果表明，校车的存在显著影响了室外颗粒物的粒径分布，尤其是超细颗粒物的分布。在校外测量的总数量浓度的时间加权平均值与公交车和汽车数量显著相关。在上午下车时间和大部分时间的下午上车时间（尽管程度较低），持续观察到浓度增加。学校室外PM2.5质量浓度在3.8 ~ 27.6μgm−3之间。运营公交车数量最多的学校PM2.5平均质量浓度最高。室外元素碳（EC）和有机碳（OC）的质量浓度也以公交车数量最多的学校最高。室外PM2.5中识别的交通相关元素与室内PM2.5中识别的元素之间的相关性大部分（47/55）显著。室内和室外气溶胶的EC、EC/OC和总粒子数浓度之间存在显著关联。室内/室外（I/O）比率的日常和学校间的变化与观察到的打开窗户和门的差异有关，这增强了颗粒的穿透性，以及学校的室内活动。总体而言，本研究获得的I/O比率结果反映了柴油校车发动机排放的颗粒大小（主要是能够穿透室内的超细颗粒）。
Various heath effects in children have been associated with exposure to traffic-related particulate matter (PM), including emissions from school buses. In this study, the indoor and outdoor aerosol at four urban elementary schools serviced by diesel-powered school buses was characterized with respect to the particle number concentrations and size distributions as well as the PM2.5 mass concentrations and elemental compositions. It was determined that the presence of school buses significantly affected the outdoor particle size distribution, specifically in the ultrafine fraction. The time-weighted average of the total number concentration measured outside the schools was significantly associated with the bus and the car counts. The concentration increase was consistently observed during the morning drop-off hours and in most of the days during the afternoon pick-up period (although at a lower degree). Outdoor PM2.5 mass concentrations measured at schools ranged from 3.8 to 27.6μgm−3. The school with the highest number of operating buses exhibited the highest average PM2.5 mass concentration. The outdoor mass concentrations of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) were also highest at the school with the greatest number of buses. Most (47/55) correlations between traffic-related elements identified in the outdoor PM2.5 were significant with elements identified in the indoor PM2.5. Significant associations were observed between indoor and outdoor aerosols for EC, EC/OC, and the total particle number concentration. Day-to-day and school-to-school variations in Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratios were related to the observed differences in opening windows and doors, which enhanced the particle penetration, as well as indoor activities at schools. Overall, the results on I/O ratio obtained in this study reflect the sizes of particles emitted by diesel-powered school bus engines (primarily, an ultrafine fraction capable of penetrating indoors).
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
14.2
作者：
Ryan, PH;LeMasters, G;Lockey, J
通讯作者：
Lockey, J
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Oosterlee, A;Drijver, M;Brunekreef, B
通讯作者：
Brunekreef, B
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Mansour, Mona E.;Rose, Barbara;Atherton, Harry D.
通讯作者：
Atherton, Harry D.
影响因子：
9.6
作者：
Trenga, Carol A.;Sullivan, Jeffrey H.;Koenig, Jane Q.
通讯作者：
Koenig, Jane Q.
DOI：
10.4337/9781843768586.00053
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
The Analyst
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kenneth Button;Piet Rietveld
通讯作者：
Piet Rietveld