The right dose for every sex.
The right dose for every sex.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00412-006-0089-x
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发表时间：
2007-04
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Akhtar, Asifa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mendjan, Sascha;Akhtar, Asifa
性染色体在不同的生物体中被研究作为模型系统的染色质调控的转录和表观遗传学。与哺乳动物中的雌性X染色体相似，果蝇中的雄性X染色体参与剂量补偿过程。然而，在相反的哺乳动物女性X染色体进行失活，果蝇男性X转录上调约两倍。果蝇雄性X是一个特殊的，转录过度活跃的染色质结构域，有利于在转录，核结构和染色质重塑的背景下研究染色质调控的显着例子。此外，果蝇中丰富的剂量补偿现象提供了一个机会，通过表观遗传染色质构型，组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA来探索基因调控的复杂性。雄性特异性致死（MSL）因子构成MSL复合物或剂量补偿复合物，并且对于X连锁基因的转录调节是重要的。最近的生物化学研究已经确定了许多与MSL复合物相关的有趣因子，包括核孔复合物和外泌体亚基的组分。此外，对MSL复合物结合的全局分析表明，MSL复合物富集在基因上，并优先结合于基因的3′端。总之，这些发现表明MSL复合物在转录延伸、RNA加工和/或核组织中的作用。
Sex chromosomes in different organisms are studied as model systems for chromatin regulation of transcription and epigenetics. Similar to the female X in mammals, the male X chromosome in Drosophila is involved in the process of dosage compensation. However, in contrast to one of the mammalian female X chromosomes undergoing inactivation, the Drosophila male X is transcriptionally upregulated by approximately twofold. The Drosophila male X is a remarkable example for a specialized, transcriptionally hyperactive chromatin domain that facilitates the study of chromatin regulation in the context of transcription, nuclear architecture, and chromatin remodeling. In addition, the rich phenomenology of dosage compensation in Drosophila provides an opportunity to explore the complexities of gene regulation through epigenetic chromatin configurations, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs. Male-specific lethal (MSL) factors constitute the MSL complex or dosage compensation complex and are important for transcription regulation of X-linked genes. Recent biochemical studies have identified a number of interesting factors that associate with the MSL complex including components of the nuclear pore complex and exosome subunits. Furthermore, global analysis of MSL complex binding showed that MSL complexes are enriched on genes with preferential binding to 3′ end of genes. Taken together, these findings suggest a role of the MSL complex in transcription elongation, RNA processing, and/or nuclear organization.
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