3D-microanatomy of the straight-shelled pteropod Creseis clava (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Euthecosomata)
3D-microanatomy of the straight-shelled pteropod Creseis clava (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Euthecosomata)
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直壳翼足类 Creseis clava（腹足纲：异鳃纲：Euthecosomata）的 3D 显微解剖学
DOI：
10.1093/mollus/eyu067
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Schrödl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kubilius;Kohnert;Brenzinger;Schrödl
Thecosomata是远洋真后鳃翼足类动物，对海洋食物链很重要，但受到海洋酸化的威胁。真囊体亚目的成员要么是扭曲的蜗牛，有一个卷曲的左壳（Limacinidae），要么是直壳，有一个对称的身体和一个不寻常的腹侧外套腔（Orthoconcha）。真囊体的分类和分类仍然依赖于壳，但受到最初分子数据的挑战。大量的形态解剖信息可以追溯到上个世纪初，此后只添加了生物学（而不是软组织解剖学）细节。对于我们的初步研究翼足类的形态解剖学，我们选择了潜在的基础orthoconch genusCreseisRang，1828。作为对Meisenheimer（1905）专题研究的补充，我们重新描述了Mediterranean C的显微解剖。clava（Rang，1828）从连续半薄切片，并提出了所有主要器官系统的三维模型。在没有组织学差异的情况下，我们解释头与脚融合，形成了具有退化的唇触角和腹肢的翅膀。咽后神经环高度浓缩，显示融合的颊神经节和一个短的内脏环，其中有两个可辨别的神经节。生殖系统为单雄和雌雄同体，具雌性腺体和一个潜在的异体精子接受器，其同源性不清楚。开放的精沟与前交媾器相连，表现为复杂的阴茎内折。我们证实了180°纵向旋转的内脏器官相对于limacinids的条件。作为个体发育去扭转的替代，子代可能跳过扭转。其他明显的幼态，如单个的、基部分叉的触手神经，表明异时性是尾体进化的驱动力。保留在腹侧位置的外套腔，Creseisha它的大外套腺-必要的创造一个粘液网喂养-靠近嘴。进一步的比较显微解剖数据的orthoconchs和limacinids需要证实我们的假设同源性，并重建翼足类进化一旦可靠的分子系统发育假说。
The Thecosomata are pelagic euopisthobranch pteropods that are important for marine food chains, but threatened by ocean acidification. Members of the suborder Euthecosomata are either torted snails with a coiled, sinistral shell (Limacinidae) or are straight-shelled with a symmetrical body and an unusual ventral mantle cavity (Orthoconcha). The classification and taxonomy of euthecosomes still depends on shells, but is being challenged by initial molecular data. There is a large body of morphoanatomical information dating from the beginning of the last century, and only biological (rather than soft-part anatomical) detail has been added since. For our initial study on pteropod morphoanatomy we have selected the potentially basal orthoconch genusCreseisRang, 1828. Supplementing Meisenheimer's (1905) monographic work, we redescribe the microanatomy of the MediterraneanC. clava(Rang, 1828) from serial semithin sections and present 3D-models of all major organ systems. In the absence of histological differences we interpret the head to be fused with the foot, forming the wings with reduced labial tentacles and rhinophores. The postpharyngeal nerve ring is strongly condensed, showing fused buccal ganglia and a short visceral loop with two discernable ganglia. The genital system is monaulic and hermaphroditic, with female glands and a potential allosperm receptacle of unclear homology. An open seminal groove connects with the frontal copulatory organ, which shows complex penial infoldings. We confirm the 180° longitudinal rotation of the visceral organs relative to the condition in limacinids. As an alternative to ontogenetic detorsion, progenesis may have skipped torsion. Other obvious paedomorphoses such as single, basally forked tentacular nerves, suggest that heterochrony has been a driving force in thecosome evolution. Retaining the mantle cavity in a ventral position,Creseishas its large mantle gland—necessary for creating a mucus web for feeding—close to the mouth. Further comparative microanatomical data on orthoconchs and limacinids are needed to corroborate our assumptions of homology, and for reconstructing pteropod evolution once reliable molecular phylogenetic hypotheses are available.
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