Face masks effectively limit the probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Face masks effectively limit the probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abg6296
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发表时间：
2021-05-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Su H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng Y;Ma N;Witt C;Rapp S;Wild PS;Andreae MO;Pöschl U;Su H
自2019冠状病毒病大流行开始以来，口罩在预防严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型传播方面的有效性一直备受争议。一个重要的问题是，尽管咳嗽和打喷嚏时呼吸道物质会被强力排出，但口罩是否有效。Cheng等人令人信服地表明，大多数人生活在空气中病毒载量较低的条件下。感染的可能性随着人所暴露的呼吸道物质的量而非线性地变化。如果更广泛的社区中的大多数人都戴着简单的外科口罩，那么遇到病毒颗粒的可能性就更加有限了。在室内环境中，不可能避免吸入其他人呼出的空气，在病毒浓度最高的医院环境中，即使是性能最好的口罩，如果没有其他防护装备，如防护服，也无法提供足够的保护。科学，abg 6296，本期第1439页，口罩在预防SARS-CoV-2传播方面非常有效，因为在大多数环境中，空气传播的病毒丰度是有限的。通过飞沫和气溶胶的空气传播对病毒的传播很重要。口罩是一种行之有效的预防措施，但其在减轻严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）传播方面的有效性仍存在争议。我们发现，口罩功效的变化可以解释为不同的制度的病毒丰度，并与人口平均感染概率和繁殖数量。对于SARS-CoV-2，感染性个体的病毒载量可以变化几个数量级。我们发现，大多数环境和接触者都处于病毒丰度低（病毒有限）的条件下，外科口罩可以有效防止病毒传播。在潜在的病毒丰富的室内环境中，包括医疗中心和医院，需要更先进的口罩和其他防护设备。口罩与其他预防措施（如通风和保持距离）结合使用特别有效。
The effectiveness of masks in preventing the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been debated since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. One important question is whether masks are effective despite the forceful expulsion of respiratory matter during coughing and sneezing. Cheng et al. convincingly show that most people live in conditions in which the airborne virus load is low. The probability of infection changes nonlinearly with the amount of respiratory matter to which a person is exposed. If most people in the wider community wear even simple surgical masks, then the probability of an encounter with a virus particle is even further limited. In indoor settings, it is impossible to avoid breathing in air that someone else has exhaled, and in hospital situations where the virus concentration is the highest, even the best-performing masks used without other protective gear such as hazmat suits will not provide adequate protection. Science, abg6296, this issue p. 1439 Face masks are highly effective at preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission because, in most environments, airborne virus abundance is limited. Airborne transmission by droplets and aerosols is important for the spread of viruses. Face masks are a well-established preventive measure, but their effectiveness for mitigating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is still under debate. We show that variations in mask efficacy can be explained by different regimes of virus abundance and are related to population-average infection probability and reproduction number. For SARS-CoV-2, the viral load of infectious individuals can vary by orders of magnitude. We find that most environments and contacts are under conditions of low virus abundance (virus-limited), where surgical masks are effective at preventing virus spread. More-advanced masks and other protective equipment are required in potentially virus-rich indoor environments, including medical centers and hospitals. Masks are particularly effective in combination with other preventive measures like ventilation and distancing.
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