Task Inhibition and Response Inhibition in Older vs. Younger Adults: A Diffusion Model Analysis.
Task Inhibition and Response Inhibition in Older vs. Younger Adults: A Diffusion Model Analysis.
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老年人与年轻人的任务抑制和反应抑制：扩散模型分析。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01722
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Schuch S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schuch S
使用扩散模型分析研究了老年人（64-79岁，N = 24）和年轻人（18-26岁，N = 24）之间抑制能力的差异。参与者执行了一个任务转换范式，允许评估n-2个任务重复成本，反映了对任务水平的抑制控制，以及n-1个响应重复成本，反映了对响应水平的抑制控制。N-2任务重复成本在两个年龄组中的大小相似。扩散模型分析表明，对于年轻人和老年人，漂移率参数较小的抑制条件相对于控制条件，与持续的任务抑制减缓反应选择的想法一致。此外，有初步证据表明，任务抑制效应的阈值分离和非决策时间在老年人，但不是年轻的成年人，这表明老年人可能会采用不同的策略时，处理持续的任务抑制。在平均反应时间中，老年人的N-1反应-重复成本大于年轻人，但在平均错误率方面，年轻人往往大于老年人。扩散模型分析显示，在两个年龄组的响应重复比响应开关更长的非决策时间，与运动过程需要更长的响应重复比响应开关由于持续的响应抑制先前执行的响应的想法一致。数据还揭示了整体表现的年龄相关差异：老年人比年轻人反应更慢，更准确，这反映在扩散模型分析中的阈值分离参数更高。此外，老年人表现出更大的非决策时间和更高的非决策时间的变异性比年轻人，可能反映了更慢，更多变的运动过程。相比之下，老年人和年轻人的总体漂移率没有差异。两者合计，扩散模型分析显示，年龄组之间的整体表现的差异，以及在处理任务抑制的年龄差异的初步证据，但没有证据表明在老年抑制赤字。
Differences in inhibitory ability between older (64–79 years, N = 24) and younger adults (18–26 years, N = 24) were investigated using a diffusion model analysis. Participants performed a task-switching paradigm that allows assessing n−2 task repetition costs, reflecting inhibitory control on the level of tasks, as well as n−1 response-repetition costs, reflecting inhibitory control on the level of responses. N−2 task repetition costs were of similar size in both age groups. Diffusion model analysis revealed that for both younger and older adults, drift rate parameters were smaller in the inhibition condition relative to the control condition, consistent with the idea that persisting task inhibition slows down response selection. Moreover, there was preliminary evidence for task inhibition effects in threshold separation and non-decision time in the older, but not the younger adults, suggesting that older adults might apply different strategies when dealing with persisting task inhibition. N−1 response-repetition costs in mean RT were larger in older than younger adults, but in mean error rates tended to be larger in younger than older adults. Diffusion-model analysis revealed longer non-decision times in response repetitions than response switches in both age groups, consistent with the idea that motor processes take longer in response repetitions than response switches due to persisting response inhibition of a previously executed response. The data also revealed age-related differences in overall performance: Older adults responded more slowly and more accurately than young adults, which was reflected by a higher threshold separation parameter in diffusion model analysis. Moreover, older adults showed larger non-decision times and higher variability in non-decision time than young adults, possibly reflecting slower and more variable motor processes. In contrast, overall drift rate did not differ between older and younger adults. Taken together, diffusion model analysis revealed differences in overall performance between the age groups, as well as preliminary evidence for age differences in dealing with task inhibition, but no evidence for an inhibitory deficit in older age.
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脑白质完整性介导了认知表现的成年年龄差异。
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Madden DJ;Spaniol J;Costello MC;Bucur B;White LE;Cabeza R;Davis SW;Dennis NA;Provenzale JM;Huettel SA
通讯作者：
Huettel SA
DOI：
10.1080/09541440802613997
发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Borella, Erika;Delaloye, Christophe;de Ribaupierre, Anik
通讯作者：
de Ribaupierre, Anik
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Koch, Iring;Schuch, Stefanie;Proctor, Robert W.
通讯作者：
Proctor, Robert W.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Huebner, Ronald;Druey, Michel D.
通讯作者：
Druey, Michel D.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Mayr, U;Keele, SW
通讯作者：
Keele, SW