Toward measuring biogeochemistry within the stream‐groundwater interface at the network scale: An initial assessment of two spatial sampling strategies
Toward measuring biogeochemistry within the stream‐groundwater interface at the network scale: An initial assessment of two spatial sampling strategies
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在网络尺度上测量河流与地下水界面内的生物地球化学：对两种空间采样策略的初步评估
DOI：
10.1002/lom3.10277
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Plont, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee‐Cullin, J. A.;Zarnetske, J. P.;Ruhala, S. S.;Plont, S.
重要的是要了解如何在空间异质生态系统的点测量缩放代表这些系统。河流生态地球化学提供了一个说明性的例子，因为河流网络和接收水体内的水质问题激励异质流域研究。溪流-地下水（SW-GW）界面的测量（即，浅流地下）对于点尺度采样密度测量是有据可查的（即，cm 2-m2特征），但对于网络规模的采样密度测量而言表征较差（即，km 2;河流河段和网络）。对SW‐GW界面进行采样比地表水采样更耗时耗力，这意味着必须谨慎选择采样点以进行网络规模分析。在这项研究中，我们奋进确定两种常见的空间采样方案中的哪一种适合于表征三级河流网络中SW-GW界面的地球化学，重点是溶解有机碳。第一种方案称为局部取样，侧重于表征由局部物理和地球化学异质性产生的小尺度（< 10 m2）变化，在整个河流网络中具有较少的点。第二种方案称为纵向采样，其测量值数量大致相同，分布在河流网络中的更多点上，局部变异性特征较少。这一比较表明，选择一个本地采样与纵向采样方案的影响生态地球化学模式的解释，在流网络规模。此外，这项研究发现，在地方尺度上增加观测工作增加了有限的信息达到网络规模的地球化学模式，这表明重点应该放在更广泛的空间尺度与纵向采样方法的特征变化。
It is important to understand how point measurements across spatially heterogeneous ecosystems are scaled to represent these systems. Stream biogeochemistry presents an illustrative example because water quality concerns within stream networks and recipient water bodies motivate heterogeneous watershed studies. Measurements of the stream water‐groundwater (SW‐GW) interface (i.e., the shallow stream subsurface) are well‐documented for point‐scale sampling density measurements (i.e., cm2–m2features), but poorly characterized for network‐scale sampling density measurements (i.e., km2; stream reaches and networks). Sampling the SW‐GW interface is more time and labor intensive than surface water sampling, meaning sample point selection must be made with care for network‐scale analyses. In this study, we endeavor to determine which of two common spatial sampling schemes is appropriate for characterizing SW‐GW interface biogeochemistry across a third‐order stream network, focusing on dissolved organic carbon. The first scheme, called Local Sampling, focuses on characterizing small‐scale (< 10 m2) variability produced by the local physical and biogeochemical heterogeneity, with fewer points across the stream network. The second scheme, called Longitudinal Sampling, has approximately the same number of measurements distributed over many more points across the stream network with less local variability characterization. This comparison reveals that selection of a Local Sampling versus a Longitudinal Sampling scheme influences the biogeochemical pattern interpretation at the stream network scale. Additionally, this study found that increasing observation efforts at the local scale added limited information for reach‐ to network‐scale biogeochemical patterns, suggesting that emphasis should be placed on characterizing variability across broader spatial scales with the Longitudinal Sampling approach.
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