Infection-induced 5'-half molecules of tRNAHisGUG activate Toll-like receptor 7.

Infection-induced 5'-half molecules of tRNAHisGUG activate Toll-like receptor 7.
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感染诱导的Trnahisgug的5 half分子激活类似收费的受体7。

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pbio.3000982
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发表时间:
2020-12
期刊:
影响因子:
9.8
通讯作者:
Kirino Y
Kirino Y
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pawar K;Shigematsu M;Sharbati S;Kirino Y

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Toll 样受体 (TLR) 在先天免疫反应中发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管内体 TLR7 识别单链 RNA,但其内源性 RNA 配体尚未得到充分探索。在这里,我们报告 5'-tRNA 半分子作为 TLR7 的丰富激活剂。分枝杆菌感染和伴随的表面 TLR 激活上调人单核细胞源性巨噬细胞 (HMDM) 中 5'-tRNA 半分子的表达。 5'-tRNA 半部的大量积累也发生在 HMDM 分泌的细胞外载体 (EV) 中; EV-5'-tRNAHisGUG 半分子的丰度比最丰度的 EV-microRNA (miRNA) 高 200 倍以上。使用 cP-RNA-seq 对 5'-tRNA 半体进行序列鉴定,揭示了特定 5'-tRNA 半体丰富且选择性地包装到 EV 中。实验证明 EV-5'-tRNAHisGUG 一半可被递送至受体细胞的内体中并激活内体 TLR7。在感染结核分枝杆菌的患者血浆中也观察到 5'-tRNA 半分子的上调。这些结果揭示了先天免疫反应中一条新的 tRNA 参与途径,并将“免疫激活剂”的作用分配给 5'-tRNA 半分子。尽管 Toll 样受体 (TLR) 在先天免疫反应中发挥着至关重要的作用,但其内源性配体尚未得到充分探索。这项研究将 tRNA 半分子鉴定为丰富的 TLR 配体,在分枝杆菌感染时上调并激活 TLR7。
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response. Although endosomal TLR7 recognizes single-stranded RNAs, their endogenous RNA ligands have not been fully explored. Here, we report 5′-tRNA half molecules as abundant activators of TLR7. Mycobacterial infection and accompanying surface TLR activation up-regulate the expression of 5′-tRNA half molecules in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). The abundant accumulation of 5′-tRNA halves also occur in HMDM-secreted extracellular vehicles (EVs); the abundance of EV-5′-tRNAHisGUG half molecules is >200-fold higher than that of the most abundant EV-microRNA (miRNA). Sequence identification of the 5′-tRNA halves using cP-RNA-seq revealed abundant and selective packaging of specific 5′-tRNA half species into EVs. The EV-5′-tRNAHisGUG half was experimentally demonstrated to be delivered into endosomes in recipient cells and to activate endosomal TLR7. Up-regulation of the 5′-tRNA half molecules was also observed in the plasma of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These results unveil a novel tRNA-engaged pathway in the innate immune response and assign the role of “immune activators” to 5′-tRNA half molecules. Although Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response, their endogenous ligands have not been fully explored. This study identifies tRNA half-molecules as abundant TLR ligands which are upregulated upon infection by mycobacteria and activate TLR7.
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