A Systematic Review of the Literature Examining the Effects of Cigarette Smoke and e-Cigarette Vapor on the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Bacteria.

A Systematic Review of the Literature Examining the Effects of Cigarette Smoke and e-Cigarette Vapor on the Virulence of Human Pathogenic Bacteria.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijerph191912518
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发表时间:
2022-09-30
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kulkarni, Ritwij
Kulkarni, Ritwij
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bagale, Kamal;Kulkarni, Ritwij

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香烟烟雾(CS)和电子烟蒸汽(EV)中的生物活性化学物质可能会影响鼻咽微生物区系中的致病菌,这可能对吸烟者和电子烟使用者呼吸道感染的病理生理学产生影响。在这篇系统综述中,我们试图综合支持这一假设的研究证据。为了解决中心研究问题,“从已发表的同行评审文献中了解到有关香烟烟雾或电子烟蒸气暴露对人类病原菌生理学的影响的哪些信息?”,我们在PubMed®、Web of ScienceTM和ScienceDirect数据库中筛选了研究暴露于CS或EV的人类致病菌的毒力特征和基因表达的报告。我们分析的主要结论是,暴露于CS或EV以菌株依赖性方式诱导呼吸道病原菌的毒力,这反过来可能促进吸烟者和电子烟使用者的呼吸道感染。此外,我们提出的证据表明,尼古丁和活性氧是负责CS/EV介导的细菌生理学改变的主要化学物质。我们注意到的局限性,本审查没有检查报告描述的改变,在主机呼吸生理或鼻咽微生态失调引起的CS/EV暴露。未来的研究,以确定是否CS/EV介导的细菌毒力的增强确实发挥了作用,在人类呼吸道感染是必要的。
The bioactive chemicals in cigarette smoke (CS) and e-cigarette vapor (EV) may affect pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharyngeal microflora, which may have implications on the pathophysiology of respiratory infections in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. In this systematic review, we seek to synthesize the research evidence supporting this hypothesis. To address the central research question, “what is known from the published, peer-reviewed literature about the effects of cigarette smoke or e-cigarette vapor exposure on the physiology of human pathogenic bacteria?”, we screened the PubMed®, Web of ScienceTM, and ScienceDirect databases for reports examining the virulence characteristics and gene expression in human pathogenic bacteria exposed to either CS or EV. The principal conclusion from our analysis is that exposure to either CS or EV induces the virulence of respiratory pathogenic bacteria in a strain-dependent manner, which may in turn facilitate respiratory infections in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. In addition, we present evidence that nicotine and reactive oxygen species are the main chemicals responsible for CS/EV-mediated alterations in bacterial physiology. We note limitations that this review does not examine reports describing the alterations in host respiratory physiology or nasopharyngeal dysbiosis caused by CS/EV exposure. Future research to determine whether CS/EV-mediated augmentation of bacterial virulence indeed plays a role in human respiratory tract infections is warranted.
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