Evidence for a semisolid phase state of aerosols and droplets relevant to the airborne and surface survival of pathogens.
Evidence for a semisolid phase state of aerosols and droplets relevant to the airborne and surface survival of pathogens.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2109750119
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发表时间：
2022-01-25
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Davis RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huynh E;Olinger A;Woolley D;Kohli RK;Choczynski JM;Davies JF;Lin K;Marr LC;Davis RD
环境湿度可以影响呼吸道气溶胶和飞沫中病原体的存活，尽管其机制和公共卫生的最佳湿度水平仍不清楚。在这里，我们提出了一个湿度依赖性，半固体状态的气溶胶和液滴相关的病原体生存的证据。这些观察结果表明，半固体状态可能会通过阻碍在中低湿度水平下的消毒反应来保护病原体免于灭活。半固体状态的形成取决于气溶胶的组成，这表明最佳病原体破坏的湿度将取决于受感染宿主释放的呼吸颗粒的组成。这些观察结果可用于帮助解释实验室研究并为公共卫生建议提供信息。呼吸气溶胶和飞沫的相态与病原体（如SARS-CoV-2）的湿度依赖性存活有关。为了告知减轻传染病传播的策略，因此有必要了解与病原体悬浮的颗粒相关的湿度依赖性相变。在这里，我们研究的悬浮气溶胶和液滴组成的模型呼吸化合物（盐和蛋白质）和生长介质（有机-无机混合物，常用于研究病原体的生存）的相对湿度（RH）的相位变化。在许多颗粒组合物中抑制了风化，因此不太可能完全解释病毒的湿度依赖性存活。相反，我们确定了在中等RH（45至80%）的平衡条件下形成的基于有机物的半固态相态。较高的蛋白质含量导致颗粒在较宽范围的RH条件下以半固体状态存在。扩散，因此，消毒动力学预计将被抑制在这些半固体状态。这些观察结果表明，基于有机物的半固体状态是解释先前研究中观察到的低RH下病毒活力恢复的重要考虑因素。我们提出了一种机制，其中的半固体相屏蔽病原体从灭活通过阻碍溶质的扩散。这表明病原体的外源性寿命将部分取决于载体呼吸道颗粒的有机组成，从而取决于其在呼吸道中的来源。此外，这项工作突出了占空间的异质性和时间依赖性的变化，在病原体生存能力的研究中进行蒸发的气溶胶和液滴的属性的重要性。
Ambient humidity can influence the survival of pathogens in respiratory aerosols and droplets, although the mechanism and optimum humidity level for public health remain unclear. Here, we present evidence for a humidity-dependent, semisolid state of aerosols and droplets relevant to pathogen survival. These observations indicate that a semisolid state may protect pathogens from inactivation by hindering disinfection reactions at intermediate-to-low humidity levels. The formation of the semisolid state was dependent on the composition of the aerosols, which suggests that the humidity for optimum pathogen destruction will depend on the composition of respiratory particles released from an infected host. These observations can be used to help interpret laboratory studies and inform public health recommendations. The phase state of respiratory aerosols and droplets has been linked to the humidity-dependent survival of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. To inform strategies to mitigate the spread of infectious disease, it is thus necessary to understand the humidity-dependent phase changes associated with the particles in which pathogens are suspended. Here, we study phase changes of levitated aerosols and droplets composed of model respiratory compounds (salt and protein) and growth media (organic–inorganic mixtures commonly used in studies of pathogen survival) with decreasing relative humidity (RH). Efflorescence was suppressed in many particle compositions and thus unlikely to fully account for the humidity-dependent survival of viruses. Rather, we identify organic-based, semisolid phase states that form under equilibrium conditions at intermediate RH (45 to 80%). A higher-protein content causes particles to exist in a semisolid state under a wider range of RH conditions. Diffusion and, thus, disinfection kinetics are expected to be inhibited in these semisolid states. These observations suggest that organic-based, semisolid states are an important consideration to account for the recovery of virus viability at low RH observed in previous studies. We propose a mechanism in which the semisolid phase shields pathogens from inactivation by hindering the diffusion of solutes. This suggests that the exogenous lifetime of pathogens will depend, in part, on the organic composition of the carrier respiratory particle and thus its origin in the respiratory tract. Furthermore, this work highlights the importance of accounting for spatial heterogeneities and time-dependent changes in the properties of aerosols and droplets undergoing evaporation in studies of pathogen viability.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Davies, James F.;Haddrell, Allen E.;Reid, Jonathan P.
通讯作者：
Reid, Jonathan P.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Di Novo, N. G.;Carotenuto, A. R.;Pugno, N. M.
通讯作者：
Pugno, N. M.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1522860113
发表时间：
2015-12-29
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
Tolbert, Margaret A.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Fernandez, Mara Otero;Thomas, Richard J.;Reid, Jonathan P.
通讯作者：
Reid, Jonathan P.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Fabian, Patricia;McDevitt, James J.;DeHaan, Wesley H.;Fung, Rita O. P.;Cowling, Benjamin J.;Chan, Kwok Hung;Leung, Gabriel M.;Milton, Donald K.
通讯作者：
Milton, Donald K.