The sensitivity of runoff generation to spatial snowpack uniformity in an alpine watershed: Green Lakes Valley, Niwot Ridge Long‐Term Ecological Research station
The sensitivity of runoff generation to spatial snowpack uniformity in an alpine watershed: Green Lakes Valley, Niwot Ridge Long‐Term Ecological Research station
复制标题
高山流域径流生成对空间积雪均匀性的敏感性：Green Lakes Valley、Niwot Ridge 长期生态研究站
DOI：
10.1002/hyp.14331
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Livneh, Ben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Badger, Andrew M.;Bjarke, Nels;Molotch, Noah P.;Livneh, Ben
高海拔高山流域的季节性蓄水是美国西部等山区的重要水源。这些地形复杂的流域中雪的空间分布主要受地形、太阳辐射和风的重新分配的影响。虽然遮阳的效果每年都相对一致，但风造成的积雪重新分布却变化更大——能够在这些具有重要水文意义的流域内产生不同程度均匀性的积雪。一个合理的假设是，气候变暖将导致降雪变得更加密集（即更湿、更重），可能导致风的重新分布减少，从而在整个景观中产生更均匀分布的积雪。在这项研究中，我们研究了科罗拉多州博尔德溪流域源头内的绿湖谷尼沃特岭长期生态研究站日益均匀的空间积雪分布对水流生成的作用。由 2001 年至 2014 年重建的积雪驱动的一组理想化水文模拟实验表明，更均匀的空间积雪分布会导致平均提前 31 天融化，并且往往会产生较少的总水流，最大降幅高达 7.5%。将积雪不均匀性与融雪季节降水的作用分开，我们发现积雪均匀性使总水流减少了 13.2% 之多。径流量的减少很大程度上是由于相对于更不均匀的积雪而言，均匀分布的情况下更多地暴露在太阳辐射下，这种暴露驱动了雪融化的提前和土壤水储存的变化。总体而言，我们发现较浅积雪的径流效率对均匀性的影响比较深积雪更敏感，这对可能存在较浅积雪和增强敏感性的气候变暖具有潜在影响。
Seasonal water storage in high‐elevation alpine catchments are critical sources of water for mountainous regions like the western U.S. The spatial distribution of snow in these topographically complex catchments is primarily governed by orography, solar radiation, and wind redistribution. While the effect of solar shading is relatively consistent from year‐to‐year, the redistribution of snow due to wind is more variable – capable of producing snowpacks that have varying degrees of uniformity across these hydrologically‐important catchments. A reasonable hypothesis is that a warmer climate will cause snowfall to become more dense (i.e. wetter and heavier), possibly leading to less wind redistribution and thus produce a more uniformly distributed snowpack across the landscape. In this study, we investigate the role of increasingly uniform spatial snowpack distributions on streamflow generation in the Green Lakes Valley Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research station, within the headwaters of the Boulder Creek watershed in Colorado. A set of idealized hydrologic simulation experiments driven by reconstructed snowpacks spanning 2001–2014 show that more a more uniform spatial snowpack distribution leads to an earlier melt‐out of 31 days on average and tends to produce less total streamflow, with maximum decreases as large as 7.5%. Isolating the role of snowpack heterogeneity from melt‐season precipitation, we find that snowpack uniformity reduces total streamflow by as much as 13.2%. Reductions in streamflow are largely explained by greater exposure to solar radiation in the uniformly distributed case relative to a more heterogeneous snowpack, with this exposure driving shifts towards earlier snowmelt and changes in soil water storage. Overall, we find that the runoff efficiency from shallower snowpacks is more sensitive to the effects of uniformity than deeper snowpacks, which has potential implications for a warming climate where shallower snowpacks and enhanced sensitivities may be present.
登录
查看更多内容
科罗拉多落基山脉流域对树皮甲虫爆发和雪上灰尘的反应
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Livneh;J. Deems;B. Buma;J. Barsugli;D. Schneider;N. Molotch;K. Wolter;C. Wessman
通讯作者：
C. Wessman
积雪消失的影响
影响因子：
30.7
作者：
J. Vano
通讯作者：
J. Vano
美国落基山脉高海拔流域的气候变化和水化学反应
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Williams;M. Losleben;N. Caine;D. Greenland
通讯作者：
D. Greenland
美国科罗拉多州弗兰特山脉中纬度北美山区系统的长期高山和亚高山降水趋势对比
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
T. Kittel;M. Williams;K. Chowanski;M. Hartman;T. Ackerman;M. Losleben;P. Blanken
通讯作者：
P. Blanken
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Pomeroy
通讯作者：
J. Pomeroy