The Gut Microbiome and Cardiovascular Disease.

The Gut Microbiome and Cardiovascular Disease.
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肠道微生物群和心血管疾病。

DOI:
10.7759/cureus.14519
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发表时间:
2021-04-16
期刊:
Cureus
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mayrovitz HN
Mayrovitz HN
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Astudillo AA;Mayrovitz HN

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心血管疾病(CVD)目前是世界范围内死亡的主要原因。虽然许多众所周知的疾病会导致心血管疾病,但最近的研究表明,肠道微生物群的改变也可能促进心血管疾病。胃肠道是数万亿细菌的家园,其中一些细菌被认为是健康肠道微生物群的一部分。这些“好”细菌有能力将复杂的碳水化合物加工消化成短链脂肪酸(SFCA)。这些SCFA作为信号分子、免疫调节分子和能量来源。然而,随着肠道生态失调,某些细菌过度生长,这些细菌过度产生磷脂酰胆碱、胆碱和肉毒碱,成为废物三甲胺- n -氧化物(TMAO)。氧化三甲胺水平升高与动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗死、血栓形成和中风的风险增加有关。因此,在某些情况下,引入治疗干预措施,将益生菌失调的肠道特征恢复到健康的肠道微生物群,可能是减少心血管疾病发病率的关键。本综述的目的是批判性地审查和巩固与这一概念有关的相关信息。我们的目标是为可能使用微生物组修饰作为一种可选的治疗方式提供信息框架。
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently the leading cause of death worldwide. Although many well-known conditions cause CVD, recent research has suggested that alterations to the gut microbiome may also promote CVD. The gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of bacteria, some of which in large numbers are considered to be part of a healthy gut microbiome profile. These “good” bacteria have the ability to process and digest complex carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids (SFCA). These SCFA serve as signaling molecules, immune-modulating molecules, and sources of energy. However, with gut dysbiosis, there is an overgrowth of certain bacteria and these bacteria overly produce phosphatidylcholine, choline, and carnitine into the waste product trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Elevated TMAO levels are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, thrombosis, and stroke. Therefore, introducing therapeutic interventions that alter a dysbiotic gut profile back to a healthy gut microbiome may be the key to reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease in some conditions. The purpose of this review is to critically examine and consolidate the relevant information bearing on this concept. Our goal is to provide the informational framework for the possible use of microbiome modification as an optional therapeutic modality. 
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