Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues.
Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues.
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DOI：
10.3390/biom12121889
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发表时间：
2022-12-16
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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非常规肌球蛋白是基于肌动蛋白的马达蛋白的超家族，其在基本细胞过程中发挥许多作用，包括（但不限于）细胞内运输、细胞运动、胞吞作用、胞吐作用和胞质分裂。在人类中已经鉴定了40种肌球蛋白基因，根据其结构域和组织属于不同的12类。这些基因在不同的组织中广泛表达，导致功能丧失的突变与多种病理学有关，而过度表达往往导致癌症。秀丽隐杆线虫（C. habditis elegans）线虫（elegans）是一种小型的、自由生活的、非寄生线虫。~38%的C.线虫预测了人类基因组中的直系同源物，使其成为研究人类对应物功能和人类疾病的宝贵工具。迄今为止，已在线虫中鉴定出8个非常规肌球蛋白基因，来自6个不同的类，与人类旁系同源物具有高度同源性。hum-1和hum-5（非常规肌球蛋白的重链）基因编码I类肌球蛋白、V类的hum-2、VI类的hum-3和hum-8、VII类的hum-6和IX类的hum-7。hum-4基因编码一种高分子量肌球蛋白（307 kDa），是最高度分化的肌球蛋白之一，是XII类的成员。许多人类直系同源物中的突变是致命的，这表明了它们的基本特性。然而，许多这些基因在C。elegans尚未执行。本文综述了近年来对C. elegans和探索线虫的潜在用途，研究肌球蛋白马达的功能和调节，以提供有价值的见解，他们在疾病中的作用。
Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that perform a number of roles in fundamental cellular processes, including (but not limited to) intracellular trafficking, cell motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis. 40 myosins genes have been identified in humans, which belong to different 12 classes based on their domain structure and organisation. These genes are widely expressed in different tissues, and mutations leading to loss of function are associated with a wide variety of pathologies while over-expression often results in cancer. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a small, free-living, non-parasitic nematode. ~38% of the genome of C. elegans has predicted orthologues in the human genome, making it a valuable tool to study the function of human counterparts and human diseases. To date, 8 unconventional myosin genes have been identified in the nematode, from 6 different classes with high homology to human paralogues. The hum-1 and hum-5 (heavy chain of an unconventional myosin) genes encode myosin of class I, hum-2 of class V, hum-3 and hum-8 of class VI, hum-6 of class VII and hum-7 of class IX. The hum-4 gene encodes a high molecular mass myosin (307 kDa) that is one of the most highly divergent myosins and is a member of class XII. Mutations in many of the human orthologues are lethal, indicating their essential properties. However, a functional characterisation for many of these genes in C. elegans has not yet been performed. This article reviews the current knowledge of unconventional myosin genes in C. elegans and explores the potential use of the nematode to study the function and regulation of myosin motors to provide valuable insights into their role in diseases.
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