Crystal structures of the network-forming short-arm tips of the laminin β1 and γ1 chains.

Crystal structures of the network-forming short-arm tips of the laminin β1 and γ1 chains.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0042473
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Hohenester E
Hohenester E
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carafoli F;Hussain SA;Hohenester E

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异三聚层粘连蛋白是基底膜的决定性成分,对于所有动物的组织形成和功能至关重要。十字形层粘连蛋白分子的三个短臂各由一条链组成,它们的尖端介导聚合网络的形成。层粘连蛋白聚合的结构基础尚不清楚。我们已经确定了小鼠层粘连蛋白β1和γ1链短臂尖端的晶体结构,其与之前确定的相应α5链区域的结构非常相似。短臂尖端由层粘连蛋白 N 末端 (LN) 结构域组成,该结构域像花头一样附着在由串联层粘连蛋白型表皮生长因子样 (LE) 结构域形成的杆状茎上。 LN 结构域是一个 β 三明治,其复杂的环区域在链之间有所不同。 γ1 LN 结构域独特地包含钙结合位点。 LE 结构域几乎没有规则结构,并由所有链中以二硫键连接的 1-3、2-4、5-6 和 7-8 半胱氨酸稳定。 LN 表面在 α、β 和 γ 链上并不保守,但在每个链亚家族内,β-三明治的一个面上的保守残基浓度惊人,而另一面总是被聚糖屏蔽。我们提出,β 和 γ LN 结构域上广泛的保守斑块介导这两条链彼此的结合,并且 α 链 LN 结构域随后与复合 β-γ 表面结合。导致皮尔森综合征的层粘连蛋白 β2 LN 结构域突变可能会损害 β2 链的折叠或其形成网络相互作用的能力。
The heterotrimeric laminins are a defining component of basement membranes and essential for tissue formation and function in all animals. The three short arms of the cross-shaped laminin molecule are composed of one chain each and their tips mediate the formation of a polymeric network. The structural basis for laminin polymerisation is unknown. We have determined crystal structures of the short-arm tips of the mouse laminin β1 and γ1 chains, which are grossly similar to the previously determined structure of the corresponding α5 chain region. The short-arm tips consist of a laminin N-terminal (LN) domain that is attached like the head of a flower to a rod-like stem formed by tandem laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like (LE) domains. The LN domain is a β-sandwich with elaborate loop regions that differ between chains. The γ1 LN domain uniquely contains a calcium binding site. The LE domains have little regular structure and are stabilised by cysteines that are disulphide-linked 1–3, 2–4, 5–6 and 7–8 in all chains. The LN surface is not conserved across the α, β and γ chains, but within each chain subfamily there is a striking concentration of conserved residues on one face of the β-sandwich, while the opposite face invariably is shielded by glycans. We propose that the extensive conserved patches on the β and γ LN domains mediate the binding of these two chains to each other, and that the α chain LN domain subsequently binds to the composite β-γ surface. Mutations in the laminin β2 LN domain causing Pierson syndrome are likely to impair the folding of the β2 chain or its ability to form network interactions.
使用二硫键和化学交联的稀疏距离约束对层粘连蛋白N末端结构域的计算建模。
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