Airborne geographical dispersal of Q fever from livestock holdings to human communities: a systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence.
Airborne geographical dispersal of Q fever from livestock holdings to human communities: a systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12879-018-3135-4
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发表时间：
2018-05-15
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Soares Magalhães RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark NJ;Soares Magalhães RJ
Q热是由贝氏柯克斯体引起的人畜共患传染病。这种细菌在恶劣的条件下生存并附着在灰尘上，这表明环境传播是爆发的一个风险因素。需要进行空间流行病学研究，整理关于Q热地理污染梯度的证据，因为没有职业接触的人类病例在世界范围内不断增加。我们使用了系统的文献检索，以评估的作用，距离反刍动物控股作为人类Q热暴发的风险因素。我们还整理了其他假定的C驱动因素的证据。伯内特虫地理分布。在所有记录在案的疫情中，感染性绵羊或山羊，而不是牛，是可能的来源。有证据表明，空气传播的突出作用;贝氏柯克斯体旅行高达18公里的大风。在农村地区，最高的感染风险发生在距离感染源5公里的范围内。城市暴发通常发生在较小的距离，但关于发病率梯度的证据有限。风速/风向、畜产品传播和放养密度都可能对C.贝氏环境梯度Q热的环境梯度取决于城市化水平、反刍动物种类、饲养密度和风速。虽然还需要更多的研究，但有证据表明，在农场周围的住宅禁区可能不足以遏制这种人畜共患病，而且应该是物种特异性的。本文的在线版本（10.1186/s12879-018-3135-4）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. This bacterium survives harsh conditions and attaches to dust, suggesting environmental dispersal is a risk factor for outbreaks. Spatial epidemiology studies collating evidence on Q fever geographical contamination gradients are needed, as human cases without occupational exposure are increasing worldwide. We used a systematic literature search to assess the role of distance from ruminant holdings as a risk factor for human Q fever outbreaks. We also collated evidence for other putative drivers of C. burnetii geographical dispersal. In all documented outbreaks, infective sheep or goats, not cattle, was the likely source. Evidence suggests a prominent role of airborne dispersal; Coxiella burnetii travels up to 18 km on gale force winds. In rural areas, highest infection risk occurs within 5 km of sources. Urban outbreaks generally occur over smaller distances, though evidence on attack rate gradients is limited. Wind speed / direction, spreading of animal products, and stocking density may all contribute to C. burnetii environmental gradients. Q fever environmental gradients depend on urbanization level, ruminant species, stocking density and wind speed. While more research is needed, evidence suggests that residential exclusion zones around holdings may be inadequate to contain this zoonotic disease, and should be species-specific. The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3135-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
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