Tetherin-driven adaptation of Vpu and Nef function and the evolution of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1 strains.
Tetherin-driven adaptation of Vpu and Nef function and the evolution of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1 strains.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.chom.2009.10.004
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发表时间:
2009-11-19
影响因子:
30.3
通讯作者:
Kirchhoff F
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sauter D;Schindler M;Specht A;Landford WN;Münch J;Kim KA;Votteler J;Schubert U;Bibollet-Ruche F;Keele BF;Takehisa J;Ogando Y;Ochsenbauer C;Kappes JC;Ayouba A;Peeters M;Learn GH;Shaw G;Sharp PM;Bieniasz P;Hahn BH;Hatziioannou T;Kirchhoff F
Vpu proteins of pandemic HIV-1 M strains degrade the viral receptor CD4 and antagonize human tetherin to promote viral release and replication. We find that Vpus from SIVgsn, SIVmus and SIVmon infecting Cercopithecus primate species also degrade CD4 and antagonize tetherin. In contrast, SIVcpz, the immediate precursor of HIV-1, whose Vpu shares a common ancestry with SIVgsn/mus/mon Vpu, uses Nef rather than Vpu to counteract chimpanzee tetherin. Human tetherin, however, is resistant to Nef and thus poses a significant barrier to zoonotic transmission of SIVcpz to humans. Remarkably, Vpu from non-pandemic HIV-1 O strains are poor tetherin antagonists while those from the rare group N viruses do not degrade CD4. Thus, only HIV-1 M evolved a fully functional Vpu following the three independent cross-species transmissions that resulted in HIV-1 groups M, N, and O. This may explain why group M viruses are almost entirely responsible for the gobal HIV/AIDS pandemic.
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