Tetherin-driven adaptation of Vpu and Nef function and the evolution of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1 strains.

Tetherin-driven adaptation of Vpu and Nef function and the evolution of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1 strains.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.chom.2009.10.004
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发表时间:
2009-11-19
影响因子:
30.3
通讯作者:
Kirchhoff F
Kirchhoff F
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sauter D;Schindler M;Specht A;Landford WN;Münch J;Kim KA;Votteler J;Schubert U;Bibollet-Ruche F;Keele BF;Takehisa J;Ogando Y;Ochsenbauer C;Kappes JC;Ayouba A;Peeters M;Learn GH;Shaw G;Sharp PM;Bieniasz P;Hahn BH;Hatziioannou T;Kirchhoff F

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流行性HIV-1 M株的Vpu蛋白降解病毒受体CD 4并拮抗人系链蛋白以促进病毒释放和复制。我们发现,从SIVgsn,SIVmus和SIVmon感染猕猴灵长类物种的Vpus也降解CD 4和拮抗tetherin。相比之下,HIV-1的直接前体SIVcpz的Vpu与SIVgsn/mus/mon Vpu有共同的祖先,它使用Nef而不是Vpu来对抗黑猩猩的束缚素。然而,人类的拴蛋白对Nef具有抗性,因此对SIVcpz向人类的人畜共患传播构成了显著的障碍。值得注意的是,来自非流行性HIV-10毒株的Vpu是较差的系链蛋白拮抗剂,而来自罕见的N组病毒的Vpu不降解CD 4。因此,在三次独立的跨物种传播后,只有HIV-1 M进化出了一个完全功能性的Vpu,这三次传播导致了HIV-1 M、N和O组。这可以解释为什么M组病毒几乎是全球艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行的全部原因。
Vpu proteins of pandemic HIV-1 M strains degrade the viral receptor CD4 and antagonize human tetherin to promote viral release and replication. We find that Vpus from SIVgsn, SIVmus and SIVmon infecting Cercopithecus primate species also degrade CD4 and antagonize tetherin. In contrast, SIVcpz, the immediate precursor of HIV-1, whose Vpu shares a common ancestry with SIVgsn/mus/mon Vpu, uses Nef rather than Vpu to counteract chimpanzee tetherin. Human tetherin, however, is resistant to Nef and thus poses a significant barrier to zoonotic transmission of SIVcpz to humans. Remarkably, Vpu from non-pandemic HIV-1 O strains are poor tetherin antagonists while those from the rare group N viruses do not degrade CD4. Thus, only HIV-1 M evolved a fully functional Vpu following the three independent cross-species transmissions that resulted in HIV-1 groups M, N, and O. This may explain why group M viruses are almost entirely responsible for the gobal HIV/AIDS pandemic.
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