Behavioral Modulation by Spontaneous Activity of Dopamine Neurons.

Behavioral Modulation by Spontaneous Activity of Dopamine Neurons.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnsys.2017.00088
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Yamagata N
Yamagata N
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ichinose T;Tanimoto H;Yamagata N

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多巴胺调节多种动物行为,从睡眠、学习到求偶和攻击。除了众所周知的自然奖励的阶段性放电外,大量多巴胺神经元(dan)在没有外部刺激的情况下也表现出持续的内在活动。虽然越来越多的证据表明这些内在的“自发活动”在认知过程中的功能影响,但与行为及其潜在机制的因果关系尚未阐明。最近对模式生物黑腹果蝇的生理学研究发现,果蝇大脑中的DANs也自发活跃,这种活动反映了动物的行为/内部状态。引人注目的是,对基础DAN活性的基因操作导致了果蝇的行为改变,这为将自发的DAN活性与行为状态联系起来提供了关键证据。此外,电路水平的分析已经开始揭示介导或调节自发DAN活性的细胞和分子机制。通过回顾不同动物的最新发现,我们将重点讨论这种生理现象在指导动物行为方面的潜在作用。
Dopamine modulates a variety of animal behaviors that range from sleep and learning to courtship and aggression. Besides its well-known phasic firing to natural reward, a substantial number of dopamine neurons (DANs) are known to exhibit ongoing intrinsic activity in the absence of an external stimulus. While accumulating evidence points at functional implications for these intrinsic “spontaneous activities” of DANs in cognitive processes, a causal link to behavior and its underlying mechanisms has yet to be elucidated. Recent physiological studies in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster have uncovered that DANs in the fly brain are also spontaneously active, and that this activity reflects the behavioral/internal states of the animal. Strikingly, genetic manipulation of basal DAN activity resulted in behavioral alterations in the fly, providing critical evidence that links spontaneous DAN activity to behavioral states. Furthermore, circuit-level analyses have started to reveal cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate or regulate spontaneous DAN activity. Through reviewing recent findings in different animals with the major focus on flies, we will discuss potential roles of this physiological phenomenon in directing animal behaviors.
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