Neuron-type-specific signals for reward and punishment in the ventral tegmental area.
Neuron-type-specific signals for reward and punishment in the ventral tegmental area.
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神经元型特异性信号，用于腹侧对段区域的奖励和惩罚。
DOI：
10.1038/nature10754
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发表时间：
2012-01-18
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Uchida, Naoshige
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, Jeremiah Y.;Haesler, Sebastian;Vong, Linh;Lowell, Bradford B.;Uchida, Naoshige
多巴胺在激励和奖励中起着关键作用。腹侧被盖区（VTA）中的多巴胺能神经元发出预期奖励和实际奖励之间的差异信号（即，奖励预测误差，RPE），但他们如何计算这些信号是未知的。我们记录了腹侧被盖区神经元的活动，同时小鼠将不同的气味线索与食欲和厌恶结果联系起来。我们根据对气味和结果的反应发现了三种类型的神经元：大约一半的神经元（I型，52%）在奖励预测气味和奖励后表现出阶段性兴奋，其方式与RPE编码一致。另一半的神经元在气味和结果之间的延迟期间表现出持续的活动，这是由结果的值正向（II型，31%）或负向（III型，17%）调制的。虽然I型神经元的活性对实际结果敏感（即，当奖励如预期的那样传递与意外地省略时），II型和III型神经元的活动主要由奖励预测气味决定。我们用光敏蛋白通道视紫红质-2（ChR 2）标记多巴胺能和GABA能神经元，并根据它们在记录时对光刺激的反应来识别它们。所有鉴定的多巴胺能神经元均为I型，所有GABA能神经元均为II型。这些结果表明，腹侧被盖区GABA能神经元发出预期奖励信号，这是多巴胺能神经元计算RPE的关键变量。
Dopamine plays a key role in motivation and reward. Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) signal the discrepancy between expected and actual rewards (i.e., reward prediction error, RPE), but how they compute such signals is unknown. We recorded the activity of VTA neurons while mice associated different odour cues with appetitive and aversive outcomes. We found three types of neurons based on responses to odours and outcomes: approximately half of the neurons (Type I, 52%) showed phasic excitation after reward-predicting odours and rewards in a manner consistent with RPE coding. The other half of neurons showed persistent activity during the delay between odour and outcome, that was modulated positively (Type II, 31%) or negatively (Type III, 17%) by the value of outcomes. While the activity of Type I neurons was sensitive to actual outcomes (i.e., when the reward was delivered as expected vs. unexpectedly omitted), the activity of Types II and III neurons was determined predominantly by reward-predicting odours. We “tagged” dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons with the light-sensitive protein channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and identified them based on their responses to optical stimulation while recording. All identified dopaminergic neurons were of Type I and all GABAergic neurons were of Type II. These results show that VTA GABAergic neurons signal expected reward, a key variable for dopaminergic neurons to calculate RPE.
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影响因子：
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