Convergence on reduced aggression through shared behavioral traits in multiple populations of Astyanax mexicanus.
Convergence on reduced aggression through shared behavioral traits in multiple populations of Astyanax mexicanus.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12862-022-02069-8
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发表时间：
2022-10-14
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
攻击行为在整个动物王国中随处可见，并且通过多种方式使动物受益，以提高健康水平并促进生存。虽然攻击性行为在不同人群中差异很大，并且可以随着对特定环境的适应而进化，但攻击性行为的复杂性对研究攻击性的进化提出了挑战。墨西哥四足蜥（Astyanax mexicanus）以一种侵略性的河流栖息地表形态和多个盲目洞穴形态的种群存在，其中一些表现出攻击性减弱，为研究进化如何塑造攻击性行为提供了机会。为了定义攻击性行为是如何演变的，我们对墨西哥猕猴攻击性互动过程中发生的多种社会行为进行了高分辨率分析。我们发现，在帕琼洞穴鱼中，在表面-表面攻击性遭遇中观察到的许多与攻击性相关的行为都减少或消失了。有趣的是，在洞穴鱼中更频繁地观察到一种盘旋行为，这表明洞穴鱼所表现出的社会行为类型发生了转变。此外，详细分析揭示了独立进化的洞穴鱼种群中与攻击相关的亚行为的实质性差异，表明洞穴鱼种群之间的攻击性减少的独立进化。我们发现，当水面鱼类在黑暗中战斗时，许多攻击行为仍然存在，这表明洞穴鱼攻击相关和逃跑相关行为的减少可能与该物种的视力丧失无关。此外，种群内的攻击性水平在很大程度上与对手的类型（洞穴与地面）或个体压力水平无关，通过量化类似压力的行为来测量，这表明这些行为是天生的，并不反映其他洞穴进化特征中种群特定的变化。这些结果表明，洞穴鱼攻击性的丧失是通过多种攻击性相关行为的丧失而进化而来的，并提出了独立的遗传机制是种群内和种群间每种行为变化的可能性。总而言之，这些发现揭示了社会行为进化的复杂性，并将墨西哥拟南芥作为研究攻击性行为的进化和遗传基础的模型。在线版本包含可在 10.1186/s12862-022-02069-8 获取的补充材料。
Aggression is observed across the animal kingdom, and benefits animals in a number of ways to increase fitness and promote survival. While aggressive behaviors vary widely across populations and can evolve as an adaptation to a particular environment, the complexity of aggressive behaviors presents a challenge to studying the evolution of aggression. The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus exists as an aggressive river-dwelling surface form and multiple populations of a blind cave form, some of which exhibit reduced aggression, providing the opportunity to investigate how evolution shapes aggressive behaviors. To define how aggressive behaviors evolve, we performed a high-resolution analysis of multiple social behaviors that occur during aggressive interactions in A. mexicanus. We found that many of the aggression-associated behaviors observed in surface-surface aggressive encounters were reduced or lost in Pachón cavefish. Interestingly, one behavior, circling, was observed more often in cavefish, suggesting evolution of a shift in the types of social behaviors exhibited by cavefish. Further, detailed analysis revealed substantive differences in aggression-related sub-behaviors in independently evolved cavefish populations, suggesting independent evolution of reduced aggression between cave populations. We found that many aggressive behaviors are still present when surface fish fight in the dark, suggesting that these reductions in aggression-associated and escape-associated behaviors in cavefish are likely independent of loss of vision in this species. Further, levels of aggression within populations were largely independent of type of opponent (cave vs. surface) or individual stress levels, measured through quantifying stress-like behaviors, suggesting these behaviors are hardwired and not reflective of population-specific changes in other cave-evolved traits. These results reveal that loss of aggression in cavefish evolved through the loss of multiple aggression-associated behaviors and raise the possibility that independent genetic mechanisms underlie changes in each behavior within populations and across populations. Taken together, these findings reveal the complexity of evolution of social behaviors and establish A. mexicanus as a model for investigating the evolutionary and genetic basis of aggressive behavior. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-02069-8.
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