Measuring the bias against low-income country research: an Implicit Association Test.
Measuring the bias against low-income country research: an Implicit Association Test.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12992-017-0304-y
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发表时间：
2017-11-06
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Mullachery P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harris M;Macinko J;Jimenez G;Mullachery P
随着低收入国家出现越来越多的创新和研究，人们越来越认识到，即使是高收入国家也可以从这些背景中学习。众所周知，产品的来源会影响对该产品的看法，但很少有研究探讨这是否也适用于循证医学和决策。为了研究从低收入国家学习的可能障碍，本研究使用认知心理学中的既定方法来探讨医疗保健专业人员和研究人员是否会将好的研究与富裕国家而不是贫穷国家联系起来。基于计算机的内隐联想测试（IAT）分发给医疗保健专业人员和研究人员。代表富国的刺激措施是从世界银行排名前十（人均36，000美元）的经合组织成员国中选出的，穷国是从人均国内生产总值最低的30个国家（人均1，000美元）中选出的，在这两种情况下都注意到区域代表性。刺激代表研究的动机（客观/有偏见），价值（有用/无价值），清晰度（精确/模糊），过程（透明/不诚实）和研究的可信度（可信/不可靠）的描述符。IAT结果表示为Cohen's d统计量。分位数回归被用来评估协变量（如年龄，性别，原籍国）的IAT反应，对应于不同程度的内隐偏见的不同值的贡献。Poisson回归用于对明确偏倚项的二分反应进行建模。在2015年3月至4月的四周内完成了321项测试。样本的平均内隐关联测试结果（一致和不一致类别之间的标准化平均相对潜伏期）为0.57（95%CI 0.52至0.61），表明平均而言，我们的样本在富裕国家和良好研究之间表现出中等强度的内隐关联。40岁以上的人不太可能表现出有利于穷人的隐性联系，而作为同行评审者有助于建立一种更加有利于穷人的联系。我们的大多数参与者将好的研究与富裕国家联系起来，而不是与贫穷国家联系起来。诸如此类的隐性关联可能不利于穷国在研究评估、循证医学和创新传播方面的研究。
With an increasing array of innovations and research emerging from low-income countries there is a growing recognition that even high-income countries could learn from these contexts. It is well known that the source of a product influences perception of that product, but little research has examined whether this applies also in evidence-based medicine and decision-making. In order to examine likely barriers to learning from low-income countries, this study uses established methods in cognitive psychology to explore whether healthcare professionals and researchers implicitly associate good research with rich countries more so than with poor countries. Computer-based Implicit Association Test (IAT) distributed to healthcare professionals and researchers. Stimuli representing Rich Countries were chosen from OECD members in the top ten (>$36,000 per capita) World Bank rankings and Poor Countries were chosen from the bottom thirty (<$1000 per capita) countries by GDP per capita, in both cases giving attention to regional representation. Stimuli representing Research were descriptors of the motivation (objective/biased), value (useful/worthless), clarity (precise/vague), process (transparent/dishonest), and trustworthiness (credible/unreliable) of research. IAT results are presented as a Cohen’s d statistic. Quantile regression was used to assess the contribution of covariates (e.g. age, sex, country of origin) to different values of IAT responses that correspond to different levels of implicit bias. Poisson regression was used to model dichotomized responses to the explicit bias item. Three hundred twenty one tests were completed in a four-week period between March and April 2015. The mean Implicit Association Test result (a standardized mean relative latency between congruent and non-congruent categories) for the sample was 0.57 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.61) indicating that on average our sample exhibited moderately strong implicit associations between Rich Countries and Good Research. People over 40 years of age were less likely to exhibit pro-poor implicit associations, and being a peer reviewer contributes to a more pro-poor association. The majority of our participants associate Good Research with Rich Countries, compared to Poor Countries. Implicit associations such as these might disfavor research from poor countries in research evaluation, evidence-based medicine and diffusion of innovations.
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影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Greenwald, AG;Nosek, BA;Banaji, MR
通讯作者：
Banaji, MR
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Greenwald, AG;McGhee, DE;Schwartz, JLK
通讯作者：
Schwartz, JLK
DOI：
10.1016/s0005-7916(02)00024-1
发表时间：
2002-06-01
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
De Houwer, J
通讯作者：
De Houwer, J
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Gürhan-Canli, Z;Maheswaran, D
通讯作者：
Maheswaran, D
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Hummert, ML;Garstka, TA;Mellott, DS
通讯作者：
Mellott, DS