Infection increases activity via Toll dependent and independent mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster
Infection increases activity via Toll dependent and independent mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster
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感染通过 Toll 依赖和独立机制增强果蝇的活性
DOI：
10.1101/2021.08.24.457493
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vincent C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vincent C
宿主行为的改变是感染最明显的影响之一。“多病行为”可能包括各种症状，包括厌食症、抑郁和活动水平的改变。在这里，使用实时跟踪和行为描述平台，我们表明，在果蝇中，几种系统性细菌感染导致体力活动显著增加，这种活动增加的程度是一些致命感染中生存时间的预测指标。使用多个细菌和D。黑素革兰氏杆菌免疫和活性突变体，我们证明了活性的增加至少由两种不同的机制驱动。被免疫反应迅速清除的革兰氏阳性细菌--黄色微球菌感染后活性增加，这严格要求Toll配体和SPätz。相反，感染诺维氏弗朗西斯氏菌后活性增加，这是一种无法被免疫反应清除的革兰氏阴性细菌，完全不依赖Toll和平行的IMD途径。细菌感染导致体力活动增加的多种信号机制的存在表明，这种效应可能是宿主反应的一个重要方面。
Host behavioural changes are among the most apparent effects of infection. ‘Sickness behaviour’ can involve a variety of symptoms, including anorexia, depression, and changed activity levels. Here, using a real-time tracking and behavioural profiling platform, we show that inDrosophila melanogaster, several systemic bacterial infections cause significant increases in physical activity, and that the extent of this activity increase is a predictor of survival time in some lethal infections. Using multiple bacteria andD.melanogasterimmune and activity mutants, we show that increased activity is driven by at least two different mechanisms. Increased activity after infection withMicrococcus luteus, a Gram-positive bacterium rapidly cleared by the immune response, strictly requires theTollligandspätzle. In contrast, increased activity after infection withFrancisella novicida, a Gram-negative bacterium that cannot be cleared by the immune response, is entirely independent of both Toll and the parallel IMD pathway. The existence of multiple signalling mechanisms by which bacterial infections drive increases in physical activity implies that this effect may be an important aspect of the host response.
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