The inspection paradox: An important consideration in the evaluation of rotor lifetimes in cardiac fibrillation.
The inspection paradox: An important consideration in the evaluation of rotor lifetimes in cardiac fibrillation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2022.920788
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Ganesan, Anand N. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jenkins, Evan V. V.;Dharmaprani, Dhani;Schopp, Madeline;Quah, Jing Xian;Tiver, Kathryn;Mitchell, Lewis;Xiong, Feng;Aguilar, Martin;Pope, Kenneth;Akar, Fadi G.;Roney, Caroline H. H.;Niederer, Steven A. A.;Nattel, Stanley;Nash, Martyn P. P.;Clayton, Richard H. H.;Ganesan, Anand N. N.
关键词：
背景和目的：更新理论是一种统计方法，用来模拟发生在螺旋波的轴心处的位相奇点的形成和破坏。在观察更新过程期间出现的一个常见问题是检查悖论，这是由于对较长事件的过度抽样造成的。这项研究的目的是描述潜在的检查悖论对心脏颤动患者PS寿命感知的影响。方法：进行多系统、多模式的研究，包括计算模拟(Aliev-Panfilov(APV)模型、Courtmanche-Nattel模型)、实验获得的光学标测房颤和室颤(AF/VF)数据以及临床获得的房颤和室颤。将所有PS寿命在AF、VF或计算模拟的整个历元上的分布与存在于10,000个模拟开始时间点的PS寿命形成的分布进行比较。结果：在所有系统中，检查悖论导致了寿命较长的PS的过度抽样。在APV计算模拟中，房颤的平均PS寿命漂移为+84.9%(95%可信区间，±0.3%)(P<；观察到的总寿命为0.001)，而Courtmanche-Nattel模拟的房颤+692.9%(95%可信区间，±57.7%)(p<；光学标测大鼠房颤+374.6%(95%CI，88.5%)(p=0.001)，篮形导管标测人房颤+129.2%(95%CI，±4.1%)(p<；0.001)，人房颤-HD栅状导管150.8%(95%CI，9.0%)(p<；0.001)，光学标测大鼠VF+171.3%(95%CI，±15.6%)(p<；0.001)。0.001)，在人心外膜室颤中为153.5%(95%可信区间为±15.7%)(p<；0.001)。结论：由于检查的悖论，对相片的目视检查有可能系统性地过度抽样较长时间的PS。通过考虑PS寿命的总体分布，使检查悖论最小化。
Background and Objective: Renewal theory is a statistical approach to model the formation and destruction of phase singularities (PS), which occur at the pivots of spiral waves. A common issue arising during observation of renewal processes is an inspection paradox, due to oversampling of longer events. The objective of this study was to characterise the effect of a potential inspection paradox on the perception of PS lifetimes in cardiac fibrillation. Methods: A multisystem, multi-modality study was performed, examining computational simulations (Aliev-Panfilov (APV) model, Courtmanche-Nattel model), experimentally acquired optical mapping Atrial and Ventricular Fibrillation (AF/VF) data, and clinically acquired human AF and VF. Distributions of all PS lifetimes across full epochs of AF, VF, or computational simulations, were compared with distributions formed from lifetimes of PS existing at 10,000 simulated commencement timepoints. Results: In all systems, an inspection paradox led towards oversampling of PS with longer lifetimes. In APV computational simulations there was a mean PS lifetime shift of +84.9% (95% CI, ± 0.3%) (p < 0.001 for observed vs overall), in Courtmanche-Nattel simulations of AF +692.9% (95% CI, ±57.7%) (p < 0.001), in optically mapped rat AF +374.6% (95% CI, 88.5%) (p = 0.052), in human AF mapped with basket catheters +129.2% (95% CI, ±4.1%) (p < 0.05), human AF-HD grid catheters 150.8% (95% CI, 9.0%) (p < 0.001), in optically mapped rat VF +171.3% (95% CI, ±15.6%) (p < 0.001), in human epicardial VF 153.5% (95% CI, ±15.7%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Visual inspection of phase movies has the potential to systematically oversample longer lasting PS, due to an inspection paradox. An inspection paradox is minimised by consideration of the overall distribution of PS lifetimes.
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