Evaluating the methods used for measuring cerebral blood flow at rest and during exercise in humans
Evaluating the methods used for measuring cerebral blood flow at rest and during exercise in humans
复制标题
评估用于测量人类休息和运动期间脑血流量的方法
DOI：
10.1007/s00421-018-3887-y
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Kurt J. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Tymko;P. Ainslie;Kurt J. Smith
安吉洛·莫索（Angelo Mosso）在1880年左右首次记录了人类脑血流量（CBF），他记录了颅骨缺陷患者的脑脉动。1890年，查尔斯·罗伊和查尔斯·谢林顿在动物身上发现，在各种刺激下，包括感觉神经刺激、窒息和药物干预，脑脉冲会发生改变。在1880年至1944年间，脑血流的测量通常依赖于人类的颅骨异常。此后，Kety和Schmidt在1945年引入了一种新的方法，将一氧化二氮稀释与一系列动脉和颈静脉血液采样相结合。不到十年后（20世纪50年代），几个研究小组采用了凯蒂-施密特技术来评估运动对全身脑血流和新陈代谢的影响；这些研究表明，在运动过程中，脑血流与代谢不耦合，这与早期的假设相反。然而，该技术存在一些与低时间分辨率和无法测量区域脑流量有关的限制。这些限制在20世纪60年代被克服，当时经颅多普勒超声（TCD）被发展成为一种测量脑血流速度的方法。在1990年至2010年间，TCD进一步加深了我们对CBF调节的理解，并允许深入了解运动过程中参与调节CBF的其他独立于局部代谢的机制因素。最近，人们发现TCD在一些生理条件下可能不准确。其他索引CBF的措施，如双工超声和磁共振成像，虽然不是没有一些局限性，但可能更适用于未来的调查。
The first accounts of measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) in humans were made by Angelo Mosso in ~1880, who recorded brain pulsations in patients with skull defects. In 1890, Charles Roy and Charles Sherrington determined in animals that brain pulsations—assessed via a similar method used by Mosso—were altered during a variety of stimuli including sensory nerve stimulation, asphyxia, and pharmacological interventions. Between 1880 and 1944, measurements for CBF were typically relied on skull abnormalities in humans. Thereafter, Kety and Schmidt introduced a new methodological approach in 1945 that involved nitrous oxide dilution combined with serial arterial and jugular venous blood sampling. Less than a decade later (1950’s), several research groups employed the Kety-Schmidt technique to assess the effects of exercise on global CBF and metabolism; these studies demonstrated an uncoupling of CBF and metabolism during exercise, which was contrary to early hypotheses. However, there were several limitations to this technique related to low temporal resolution and the inability to measure regional CBF. These limitations were overcome in the 1960’s when transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) was developed as a method to measure beat-by-beat cerebral blood velocity. Between 1990 and 2010, TCD further progressed our understanding of CBF regulation and allowed for insight into other mechanistic factors, independent of local metabolism, involved in regulating CBF during exercise. Recently, it was discovered that TCD may not be accurate under several physiological conditions. Other measures of indexing CBF such as Duplex ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, although not without some limitations, may be more applicable for future investigations.
DOI：
10.1093/gerona/61.11.1166
发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Colcombe, Stanley J.;Erickson, Kirk I.;Kramer, Arthur F.
通讯作者：
Kramer, Arthur F.
DOI：
10.3233/jad-122011
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD
影响因子：
--
作者：
Glodzik L;Randall C;Rusinek H;de Leon MJ
通讯作者：
de Leon MJ