Structural and Functional Plasticity at the Axon Initial Segment.
Structural and Functional Plasticity at the Axon Initial Segment.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2016.00250
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Kuba H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamada R;Kuba H
轴突初始段（AIS）位于轴突和躯体-树突状隔室之间，在触发动作电位（ap）和决定神经元输出中起关键作用。现在人们普遍认为AIS的结构特性，如相对于躯体的长度和/或位置，以活动依赖的方式发生变化。AIS的这种结构可塑性对于神经元兴奋性的稳态控制至关重要。然而，很明显，AIS对神经元兴奋性的影响严重依赖于AIS的生物物理特性，而AIS的生物物理特性主要取决于该区域离子通道的组成和特征。此外，这些特性可以通过磷酸化和/或通道的重新分配而改变。近年来对听觉神经元的研究表明，AIS电压门控K+ (Kv)通道组成的改变与AIS的伸长相一致，从而增强了神经元的兴奋性，这表明AIS的结构可塑性和功能可塑性之间的相互作用在神经元兴奋性的控制中很重要。在这篇综述中，我们将总结目前关于AIS结构和功能改变的知识，并讨论它们如何相互作用并有助于调节神经元输出。
The axon initial segment (AIS) is positioned between the axonal and somato-dendritic compartments and plays a pivotal role in triggering action potentials (APs) and determining neuronal output. It is now widely accepted that structural properties of the AIS, such as length and/or location relative to the soma, change in an activity-dependent manner. This structural plasticity of the AIS is known to be crucial for homeostatic control of neuronal excitability. However, it is obvious that the impact of the AIS on neuronal excitability is critically dependent on the biophysical properties of the AIS, which are primarily determined by the composition and characteristics of ion channels in this domain. Moreover, these properties can be altered via phosphorylation and/or redistribution of the channels. Recently, studies in auditory neurons showed that alterations in the composition of voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels at the AIS coincide with elongation of the AIS, thereby enhancing the neuronal excitability, suggesting that the interaction between structural and functional plasticities of the AIS is important in the control of neuronal excitability. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding structural and functional alterations of the AIS and discuss how they interact and contribute to regulating the neuronal output.
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影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Bender, Kevin J.;Ford, Christopher P.;Trussell, Laurence O.
通讯作者：
Trussell, Laurence O.
DOI：
10.1002/cne.22006
发表时间：
2009-06-01
期刊：
The Journal of comparative neurology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cruz DA;Lovallo EM;Stockton S;Rasband M;Lewis DA
通讯作者：
Lewis DA
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4064-11.2011
发表时间：
2011-11-09
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Grubb MS;Shu Y;Kuba H;Rasband MN;Wimmer VC;Bender KJ
通讯作者：
Bender KJ
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Baalman, Kelli L.;Cotton, R. James;Rasband, Matthew N.
通讯作者：
Rasband, Matthew N.
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Johnston, Jamie;Griffin, Sarah J.;Forsythe, Ian D.
通讯作者：
Forsythe, Ian D.